BIOLOGY 1322 FINAL EXAM-WCJC Questions and
Answers
Question 1.
Calculate the RDA for a given person's weight (remember that 1 kg = 2.2 pounds)
Correct Answer: RDA:0.8g/kg Example: a healthy person weighing 150 lbs
(68.2kg because 1kg = 2.2lbs) needs 68.2 x 0.8 = 54.6 grams of protein per day
Question 2.
Stomach
Correct Answer: muscular sac holds 4 - 6 cups (average) food after a meal lower
gastroesophageal sphincter (between esophagus and stomach) If it relaxes
while food is in stomach ’ heartburn once in stomach - food is broken down
chemically and mechanically Chemically - gastric juice (hydrochloric acid and
enzymes) Mechanically - muscular movement of stomach and peristalsis once
food is digested ’ CHYME (semisolid liquid) pyloric sphincter (between stomach
and small intestine) on average - 3 - 4 hours after meal for stomach to empty
into small intestine Water meals require less time, fatty and larger meals
require more time
Question 3.
Describe the risks associated with improper weight gain during pregnancy
Correct Answer: Excess weight gain during pregnancy can lead to higher risk of
high - birth weight babies, which can lead to injuries for both mom and baby
during delivery Not enough weight gain during pregnancy can lead to low-birth
weight babies, which are more likely to be premature or suffer from health
problems
Question 4.
List the major functions of water in the body
Correct Answer: Solvent for other nutrients to dissolve in Participates in
chemical reactions Transports substances Removes wastes Regulates body
temperature and pH balances Major component of sweat, tears, blood, saliva,
and other bodily fluids
Question 5.
Small Intestine
Correct Answer: tube that connects stomach and large intestine ~ 16 feet long
with 1 inch diameter 3 sections duodenum - where acidic chyme mixes with
alkaline substance to allow some enzymes to work jejunum - middle section;
where most of digestion and nutrient absorption occurs ileum - last portion
small intestine secretes watery fluid to lubricate intestinal walls peristalsis and
segmentation of small intestine help with digestion by mixing o takes about 3 -
5 hours for chyme to move through small intestine
Question 6.
List the four major elements of a medically sound weight-loss plan
Page 1
,Correct Answer: 1. Motivation 2. Calorie reduction 3. Regular physical activity 4.
Behavior modification
Question 7.
List the primary energy source for high-intensity exercise
Correct Answer: Glucose
Question 8.
Low-carb approaches
Correct Answer: Severely restricts carb intakes Usually produces rapid weight
loss initially because of water loss Over time produces about the same weight
loss as low-fat diets More studies need to be performed to determine long-term
health risks
Question 9.
Hyporthyroidism
Correct Answer: Underactive thyroid gland-not enough hormone’lower than
normal metabolic rate Leads to feeling cold, lack energy, and being constipated
Can lead to easy weight gain
Question 10.
Define the term emulsifier
Correct Answer: Partially water soluble because has a hydrophobic region Acts
as emulsifier - can keep water soluble and water insoluble compounds mixed
together Usually found in salad dressing,mayo and ice cream for that reason
Question 11.
Fortification
Correct Answer: Adding vitamins that may or may not naturally occur in the food
Example: milk is usually fortified with vitamins A and D; adding vitamins to
empty-calorie foods
Question 12.
AI for Men
Correct Answer: 15.5 cups/day
Question 13.
Low-quality (incomplete) protein
Correct Answer: Lacks one or more of the essential amino acids Most plant foods
are sources of low-quality protein
Question 14.
List examples of both structured and unstructured physical activity
Correct Answer: Most physical activities are unstructured (chores, grocery
shopping) Some are structured=exercise Both structured and unstructured
activities can benefit your health by reducing risk for serious chronic conditions
Page 2
, Question 15.
Describe heat-related illnesses
Correct Answer: Heat cramps: muscle spasms that may result from loss of
electrolytes in sweat; treatment-rest replacing electrolytes and
stretching/massage Heat exhaustion: cramps, excessive sweat, faintness or
dizziness; treatment-rest, cool the person down, replace fluids and electrolytes
Heatstroke: elevated body temperature, lack of sweating, confusion, coma;
treatment-medical emergency that requires 911
Question 16.
Lactoovovegetarian
Correct Answer: Milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods
Question 17.
Give examples of diuretics
Correct Answer: Substances that increase urine production Examples:
caffeine(in coffee,tea,energy drinks,soda) Alcohol-inhibits ADH secretion It is
thought that dehydration contributes to hangovers
Question 18.
Negative energy balance
Correct Answer: calorie intake lower than calorie output’leads to weight loss
Question 19.
List the function of the cardiovascular system
Correct Answer: Function: circulating blood through body
Question 20.
List the three monosaccharides and describe foods they are associated with
Correct Answer: Glucose (blood sugar) Function: primary energy source for cells
Sources: fruits and veggies Fructose (fruit sugar) Function: converted to
glucose for energy Sources: fruit, honey and some veggies Galactose Function:
necessary for production of milk sugar
Question 21.
Diets with Gimmicks
Correct Answer: Promote certain substances, nutrients, foods, or food combos
Question 22.
Low-fat diets “ AMDR
Correct Answer: Less than 20% of calories from fat Limited or no sources of
animals protein Limited nuts and seeds
Question 23.
Food Allergy
Correct Answer: Inflammatory response to harmless substances (usually
proteins) in food Evoke variable responses Swelling of lips and tongue, hives,
Page 3
Answers
Question 1.
Calculate the RDA for a given person's weight (remember that 1 kg = 2.2 pounds)
Correct Answer: RDA:0.8g/kg Example: a healthy person weighing 150 lbs
(68.2kg because 1kg = 2.2lbs) needs 68.2 x 0.8 = 54.6 grams of protein per day
Question 2.
Stomach
Correct Answer: muscular sac holds 4 - 6 cups (average) food after a meal lower
gastroesophageal sphincter (between esophagus and stomach) If it relaxes
while food is in stomach ’ heartburn once in stomach - food is broken down
chemically and mechanically Chemically - gastric juice (hydrochloric acid and
enzymes) Mechanically - muscular movement of stomach and peristalsis once
food is digested ’ CHYME (semisolid liquid) pyloric sphincter (between stomach
and small intestine) on average - 3 - 4 hours after meal for stomach to empty
into small intestine Water meals require less time, fatty and larger meals
require more time
Question 3.
Describe the risks associated with improper weight gain during pregnancy
Correct Answer: Excess weight gain during pregnancy can lead to higher risk of
high - birth weight babies, which can lead to injuries for both mom and baby
during delivery Not enough weight gain during pregnancy can lead to low-birth
weight babies, which are more likely to be premature or suffer from health
problems
Question 4.
List the major functions of water in the body
Correct Answer: Solvent for other nutrients to dissolve in Participates in
chemical reactions Transports substances Removes wastes Regulates body
temperature and pH balances Major component of sweat, tears, blood, saliva,
and other bodily fluids
Question 5.
Small Intestine
Correct Answer: tube that connects stomach and large intestine ~ 16 feet long
with 1 inch diameter 3 sections duodenum - where acidic chyme mixes with
alkaline substance to allow some enzymes to work jejunum - middle section;
where most of digestion and nutrient absorption occurs ileum - last portion
small intestine secretes watery fluid to lubricate intestinal walls peristalsis and
segmentation of small intestine help with digestion by mixing o takes about 3 -
5 hours for chyme to move through small intestine
Question 6.
List the four major elements of a medically sound weight-loss plan
Page 1
,Correct Answer: 1. Motivation 2. Calorie reduction 3. Regular physical activity 4.
Behavior modification
Question 7.
List the primary energy source for high-intensity exercise
Correct Answer: Glucose
Question 8.
Low-carb approaches
Correct Answer: Severely restricts carb intakes Usually produces rapid weight
loss initially because of water loss Over time produces about the same weight
loss as low-fat diets More studies need to be performed to determine long-term
health risks
Question 9.
Hyporthyroidism
Correct Answer: Underactive thyroid gland-not enough hormone’lower than
normal metabolic rate Leads to feeling cold, lack energy, and being constipated
Can lead to easy weight gain
Question 10.
Define the term emulsifier
Correct Answer: Partially water soluble because has a hydrophobic region Acts
as emulsifier - can keep water soluble and water insoluble compounds mixed
together Usually found in salad dressing,mayo and ice cream for that reason
Question 11.
Fortification
Correct Answer: Adding vitamins that may or may not naturally occur in the food
Example: milk is usually fortified with vitamins A and D; adding vitamins to
empty-calorie foods
Question 12.
AI for Men
Correct Answer: 15.5 cups/day
Question 13.
Low-quality (incomplete) protein
Correct Answer: Lacks one or more of the essential amino acids Most plant foods
are sources of low-quality protein
Question 14.
List examples of both structured and unstructured physical activity
Correct Answer: Most physical activities are unstructured (chores, grocery
shopping) Some are structured=exercise Both structured and unstructured
activities can benefit your health by reducing risk for serious chronic conditions
Page 2
, Question 15.
Describe heat-related illnesses
Correct Answer: Heat cramps: muscle spasms that may result from loss of
electrolytes in sweat; treatment-rest replacing electrolytes and
stretching/massage Heat exhaustion: cramps, excessive sweat, faintness or
dizziness; treatment-rest, cool the person down, replace fluids and electrolytes
Heatstroke: elevated body temperature, lack of sweating, confusion, coma;
treatment-medical emergency that requires 911
Question 16.
Lactoovovegetarian
Correct Answer: Milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods
Question 17.
Give examples of diuretics
Correct Answer: Substances that increase urine production Examples:
caffeine(in coffee,tea,energy drinks,soda) Alcohol-inhibits ADH secretion It is
thought that dehydration contributes to hangovers
Question 18.
Negative energy balance
Correct Answer: calorie intake lower than calorie output’leads to weight loss
Question 19.
List the function of the cardiovascular system
Correct Answer: Function: circulating blood through body
Question 20.
List the three monosaccharides and describe foods they are associated with
Correct Answer: Glucose (blood sugar) Function: primary energy source for cells
Sources: fruits and veggies Fructose (fruit sugar) Function: converted to
glucose for energy Sources: fruit, honey and some veggies Galactose Function:
necessary for production of milk sugar
Question 21.
Diets with Gimmicks
Correct Answer: Promote certain substances, nutrients, foods, or food combos
Question 22.
Low-fat diets “ AMDR
Correct Answer: Less than 20% of calories from fat Limited or no sources of
animals protein Limited nuts and seeds
Question 23.
Food Allergy
Correct Answer: Inflammatory response to harmless substances (usually
proteins) in food Evoke variable responses Swelling of lips and tongue, hives,
Page 3
