WGU D115 Frequently Tested Exam
Questions with Expert Graded A+
Answers | Latest Version
1. Which statement is true regarding renal blood flow?
No autoregulation is found in renal blood flow.
The kidneys receive 50% of cardiac output.
The kidneys receive 1000-1200 mL of blood per minute.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not related to renal blood flow. -
ANSWER The kidneys receive almost a quarter of cardiac output.
2. A patient with untreated strep throat is more likely to have with kidneys -
ANSWER Nephritic syndrome is caused by an antibody/antigen reaction
seen after group a-beta hemolytic strep. Antistreptolysin is produced in the
antibody/antigen reaction. You can use the HAD STREP mnemonic to help
you remember:
H = hypertension
A = +ASO (antistreptolysin O)
D = decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
STREP = Streptococcus
3. A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes. In
order to move forward with your assessment, you consider the types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely experiencing?
Referred
Parietal
Phantom
Visceral - ANSWER Parietal pain is caused by a stimulus in the parietal
peritoneum. The nerves in the parietal peritoneum are made up of A-delta
fibers. These fibers travel to the spinal cord and correspond with the skin
dermatomes T6 and L1. This produces localized and intense pain that
, lateralizes because the parietal peritoneum is innervated from only one side
of the nervous system at a time.
4. Describe how obesity contributes to GERD. - ANSWER Obesity increases
intra-abdominal pressure, which predisposes the patient to reflux through the
lower esophageal sphincter.
5. What are three characteristics of celiac disease?
Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins
Constipation as an early indicator
Anemia
Dark, foul-smelling stools
Diminished growth - ANSWER Vitamin deficiencies can be present with
celiac disease because the intestinal villi are damaged and stunted, which
leads to less absorption. Anemia of chronic disease and/or poor iron
absorption can also be seen with celiac disease. If someone with celiac
disease is ingesting gluten, the damage done to the intestinal villi can
decrease vitamin and mineral absorption, leading to diminished growth.
6. Which statement is true regarding pyloric stenosis?
Pyloric stenosis is more common in male infants.
Pyloric stenosis appears around one year of age.
Pyloric stenosis is a common cause of edema
Pyloric stenosis is an uncommon disorder.
Previousquestion - ANSWER Gender propensity cannot be explained;
however, small infants are likely to show symptoms of pyloric stenosis at
birth if it is present because of their innate small anatomical structures. The
smaller the diameter of the pyloric passageway, the easier it is to obstruct
flow.
7. how much blood do the kidneys recive per min - ANSWER 1000-1200ml
,8. common cause of urinary tract obstructions. - ANSWER Renal calculi
(nephrolithiasis)
9. cystitis vs pyelonephritis - ANSWER You can differentiate by UA, WBC
Casts will indicate pyelonephritis.
10.progression of CKD - ANSWER Proteinuria and angiotensin II promote the
pathologic changes of chronic renal injury.
11.how does protienuria cause renal damage - ANSWER Proteinuria may
independently cause renal damage by promoting tubular inflammation and
fibrosis.
12.Briefly explain why edema occurs with nephritic syndrome. - ANSWER
Inflammation in the nephron causes increased permeability in the nephron.
13.Describe the pathology of nephrotic syndrome.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - ANSWER Nephrotic syndrome is
caused by damage to the filtering system in the kidney. Massive amounts of
protein are lost in the urine which depletes the blood of albumin. The patient
often presents with frothy urine and anasarca (not hematuria).
14.Explain why patients with nephrotic syndrome are at high risk for infection.
- ANSWER Nephrotic syndrome is an idiopathic condition often treated
with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Massive swelling puts skin
at risk for breakdown because the skin becomes friable and fluid filled
15.What is the two-word technical term for kidney stones? - ANSWER Renal
calculi is the technical term for kidney stones.
, 16.Describe what caused the pain that sent this patient to the emergency
department. with renal calculi - ANSWER At least one of the renal calculi
was obstructing the ureter because it was too large to move easily through
the ureter.
17.List the adverse effects that could arise if a renal calculus completely blocks
a ureter, and briefly explain why. - ANSWER Hydroureter and
hydronephrosis could occur because the kidney continues to produce urine
even if the ureter is blocked. The blockage would cause urine to accumulate,
dilating the ureter first, and then the renal pelvis. This leads to a buildup of
waste products in the body and can lead to kidney injury.
18.Explain why it is important for the patient to learn to increase her fluid
intake to 8-10 glasses of fluid per day. with renal calculi - ANSWER
Drinking 8-10 glasses of fluid per day will keep her urine dilute, which will
help keep renal calculi from forming and will help move stones along the
passageway to excretion should they recur.
19.Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch - ANSWER Amylase
20.Produced in the stomach and breaks down protiens - ANSWER pepsin
21.Produced by the pancreas and breaks down triglycerides - ANSWER lipase
22.Describe how you would educate a hospice patient concerning anticipated
24-hour output of his or her biliary drainage tube.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - ANSWER It is typical to expect
700-1200 cc of biliary output in a 24-hour period, though each patient is an
individual and a hospice patient may have a personal norm that is different
from the standard health individual. Biliary drainage tube output can be used
to calculate fluid lost for hydration purposes.
Questions with Expert Graded A+
Answers | Latest Version
1. Which statement is true regarding renal blood flow?
No autoregulation is found in renal blood flow.
The kidneys receive 50% of cardiac output.
The kidneys receive 1000-1200 mL of blood per minute.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not related to renal blood flow. -
ANSWER The kidneys receive almost a quarter of cardiac output.
2. A patient with untreated strep throat is more likely to have with kidneys -
ANSWER Nephritic syndrome is caused by an antibody/antigen reaction
seen after group a-beta hemolytic strep. Antistreptolysin is produced in the
antibody/antigen reaction. You can use the HAD STREP mnemonic to help
you remember:
H = hypertension
A = +ASO (antistreptolysin O)
D = decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
STREP = Streptococcus
3. A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes. In
order to move forward with your assessment, you consider the types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely experiencing?
Referred
Parietal
Phantom
Visceral - ANSWER Parietal pain is caused by a stimulus in the parietal
peritoneum. The nerves in the parietal peritoneum are made up of A-delta
fibers. These fibers travel to the spinal cord and correspond with the skin
dermatomes T6 and L1. This produces localized and intense pain that
, lateralizes because the parietal peritoneum is innervated from only one side
of the nervous system at a time.
4. Describe how obesity contributes to GERD. - ANSWER Obesity increases
intra-abdominal pressure, which predisposes the patient to reflux through the
lower esophageal sphincter.
5. What are three characteristics of celiac disease?
Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins
Constipation as an early indicator
Anemia
Dark, foul-smelling stools
Diminished growth - ANSWER Vitamin deficiencies can be present with
celiac disease because the intestinal villi are damaged and stunted, which
leads to less absorption. Anemia of chronic disease and/or poor iron
absorption can also be seen with celiac disease. If someone with celiac
disease is ingesting gluten, the damage done to the intestinal villi can
decrease vitamin and mineral absorption, leading to diminished growth.
6. Which statement is true regarding pyloric stenosis?
Pyloric stenosis is more common in male infants.
Pyloric stenosis appears around one year of age.
Pyloric stenosis is a common cause of edema
Pyloric stenosis is an uncommon disorder.
Previousquestion - ANSWER Gender propensity cannot be explained;
however, small infants are likely to show symptoms of pyloric stenosis at
birth if it is present because of their innate small anatomical structures. The
smaller the diameter of the pyloric passageway, the easier it is to obstruct
flow.
7. how much blood do the kidneys recive per min - ANSWER 1000-1200ml
,8. common cause of urinary tract obstructions. - ANSWER Renal calculi
(nephrolithiasis)
9. cystitis vs pyelonephritis - ANSWER You can differentiate by UA, WBC
Casts will indicate pyelonephritis.
10.progression of CKD - ANSWER Proteinuria and angiotensin II promote the
pathologic changes of chronic renal injury.
11.how does protienuria cause renal damage - ANSWER Proteinuria may
independently cause renal damage by promoting tubular inflammation and
fibrosis.
12.Briefly explain why edema occurs with nephritic syndrome. - ANSWER
Inflammation in the nephron causes increased permeability in the nephron.
13.Describe the pathology of nephrotic syndrome.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - ANSWER Nephrotic syndrome is
caused by damage to the filtering system in the kidney. Massive amounts of
protein are lost in the urine which depletes the blood of albumin. The patient
often presents with frothy urine and anasarca (not hematuria).
14.Explain why patients with nephrotic syndrome are at high risk for infection.
- ANSWER Nephrotic syndrome is an idiopathic condition often treated
with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Massive swelling puts skin
at risk for breakdown because the skin becomes friable and fluid filled
15.What is the two-word technical term for kidney stones? - ANSWER Renal
calculi is the technical term for kidney stones.
, 16.Describe what caused the pain that sent this patient to the emergency
department. with renal calculi - ANSWER At least one of the renal calculi
was obstructing the ureter because it was too large to move easily through
the ureter.
17.List the adverse effects that could arise if a renal calculus completely blocks
a ureter, and briefly explain why. - ANSWER Hydroureter and
hydronephrosis could occur because the kidney continues to produce urine
even if the ureter is blocked. The blockage would cause urine to accumulate,
dilating the ureter first, and then the renal pelvis. This leads to a buildup of
waste products in the body and can lead to kidney injury.
18.Explain why it is important for the patient to learn to increase her fluid
intake to 8-10 glasses of fluid per day. with renal calculi - ANSWER
Drinking 8-10 glasses of fluid per day will keep her urine dilute, which will
help keep renal calculi from forming and will help move stones along the
passageway to excretion should they recur.
19.Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch - ANSWER Amylase
20.Produced in the stomach and breaks down protiens - ANSWER pepsin
21.Produced by the pancreas and breaks down triglycerides - ANSWER lipase
22.Describe how you would educate a hospice patient concerning anticipated
24-hour output of his or her biliary drainage tube.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - ANSWER It is typical to expect
700-1200 cc of biliary output in a 24-hour period, though each patient is an
individual and a hospice patient may have a personal norm that is different
from the standard health individual. Biliary drainage tube output can be used
to calculate fluid lost for hydration purposes.
