Immunology Chapters 1–8 | Practice Questions & Answers | Study Guide 2026/2027

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Immunology questions from chapters 1 to 8

Chapter (1):

1. Which of the following does NOT protect body surfaces?

A Skin

B Mucus

C Gastric acid

D Salivary amylase

E Gut microflora

2. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) include which of the following?

A Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

B Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

C Lipoteichoic acid

D Lectin-like molecules

E Unmethylated CpG sequences

3. Which of the following does the mononuclear phagocyte system NOT
include?

A Monocytes

B Kupffer cells

C Kidney mesangial cells

D Lymph node medullary macrophages

E Endothelial cells

4. A polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN):

A Is a bone marrow stem cell

B Is closely similar to a mast cell

C Contains microbicidal cytoplasmic granules




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D Is not a professional phagocytic cell

E Has granules that stain with eosin

5. Which of the following is NOT produced following activation of the NADPH
oxidase microbicidal pathway?

A O2−

B O2

C H2O2

D NO

E OH

6. Neutrophil defensins are:

A Anti-toxins

B Oxygen-dependent

C Enzymes

D Glycolipids

E Peptide antibiotics



7. The Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) pattern recognition receptor recognizes:

A CpG motifs

B Bacterial lipopeptides

C Lipoteichoic acid

D Gram-negative LPS

E dsRNA

8. Complement component C3 is cleaved by:

A C3b

B C3bBb

C Factor B




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D Factor D

E Factor H

9. The membrane attack complex consists of:

A OH

B Colicins

C C3bBb3b

D C5b,6,7,8,9

E Properdin

10. Which of the following statements is TRUE of C3b?

A C3b is chemotactic for neutrophils

B C3b is an anaphylatoxin

C C3b opsonizes bacteria

D C3b directly injures bacteria

E C3b is the inactive form of C3

11. Acute inflammation characteristically involves:

A Constriction of arterioles

B Capillary endothelial cell enlargement

C Influx of macrophages

D Influx of mast cells

E Influx of neutrophils

12. Which of the following statements is TRUE of lysozyme?

A Lysozyme is a cytoplasmic organelle

B Lysozyme activates complement

C Lysozyme is a proteolytic enzyme

D Lysozyme splits peptidoglycan




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E Lysozyme is released by mast cells



13. Which of the following is NOT an acute phase protein?

A Serum amyloid P component

B Chondroitin sulfate

C C-reactive protein

D Mannose-binding lectin

E Fibrinogen



14. Which of the following statements is TRUE of interferons?

A Interferons are found only in mammalian species

B Interferons are divided into five main families

C Interferons induce enzyme synthesis in the target cell

D Interferons only affect infected cells

E Interferons are specific for individual viruses

15. Natural killer (NK) cells do NOT:

A Respond to interferon

B Contain perforin

C Contain tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

D Kill only by damaging the target cell outer membrane

E Contain serine proteases



16. Eosinophils do NOT:

A Stain with basic dyes

B Contain a major basic protein




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