APHY 101 Midterm
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1. Anatomy examines the structures of body parts
2. Physiology examines the functions of body parts, what they do and how they do it
3. Levels of organi- Subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, or-
zation gan, organ system, organism
4. Metabolism all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
5. homeostasis The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment
6. homeostatic receptors, control center, effectors
mechanisms
7. receptor provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal environment
8. control center set point; a particular value, such as body temperature at 37°C (Celsius) or 98.6°F
(Fahrenheit)
9. effector cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment
10. negative feed- If the receptors measure deviations from the set point, effectors are activated that
back can return conditions toward normal. As this happens, the deviation from the set
point progressively lessens, and the effectors gradually shut down.
11. cranial cavity houses the brain
12. spinal cavity houses the spinal cord
13. thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
14. abdominal cavity contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and the small and large
intestines.
15. pelvic cavity
, APHY 101 Midterm
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contains the terminal end of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the
internal reproductive organs.
16. serous mem- line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and fold back to cover
branes the organs within these cavities. These membranes secrete a slippery serous fluid
that separates the layer lining the wall of the cavity (parietal layer) from the layer
covering the organ (visceral layer).
17. Aging at a cellu- Cells mark time too, many approaching the end of a limited number of predeter-
lar level mined cell divisions as their chromosome tips whittle down. Such cells reaching
the end of their division days may enlarge or die. Some cells may be unable
to build the apparatus that pulls apart replicated chromosomes in a cell on the
verge of division. Impaired cell division slows wound healing, yet at the same
time, the inappropriate cell division that underlies cancer becomes more likely.
Certain subcellular functions lose efficiency, including repair of DNA damage and
transport of substances into and out of cells. Aging cells are less efficient at
extracting energy from nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged cell parts.
18. anatomical posi- Body facing forward, feet are parallel to each other, arms are at he sides with the
tion palms facing forward
19. Proximal Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk
20. distal Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part
21. medial Closer to the midline of the body
22. lateral Away from the midline of the body
23. superior Higher on the body, nearer to the head
24. inferior Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.
, APHY 101 Midterm
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25. anterior Front of body/ body structure
26. posterior Nearer to or at the back of the body
27. ventral At the belly side
28. dorsal Backside
29. Why is chem- Understanding the basics of chemistry is essential for understanding physiology,
istry an impor- because body functions result from cellular functions that, in turn, result from
tant part of phys- chemical changes.
iology?
30. atom Smallest particle of an element
31. element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical
or physical means
32. molecule Two or more atoms may combine to form a distinctive type of particle
33. compound (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or
ingredients
34. Name the bulk el- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
ements in the hu-
man body.
35. atomic number Number of protons in an atom
36. atomic weight equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
37. ion An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus
acquiring a charge.
38. negative ions have (-), positive ions have (+)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ml2hj
1. Anatomy examines the structures of body parts
2. Physiology examines the functions of body parts, what they do and how they do it
3. Levels of organi- Subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, or-
zation gan, organ system, organism
4. Metabolism all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
5. homeostasis The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment
6. homeostatic receptors, control center, effectors
mechanisms
7. receptor provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal environment
8. control center set point; a particular value, such as body temperature at 37°C (Celsius) or 98.6°F
(Fahrenheit)
9. effector cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment
10. negative feed- If the receptors measure deviations from the set point, effectors are activated that
back can return conditions toward normal. As this happens, the deviation from the set
point progressively lessens, and the effectors gradually shut down.
11. cranial cavity houses the brain
12. spinal cavity houses the spinal cord
13. thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
14. abdominal cavity contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and the small and large
intestines.
15. pelvic cavity
, APHY 101 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ml2hj
contains the terminal end of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the
internal reproductive organs.
16. serous mem- line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and fold back to cover
branes the organs within these cavities. These membranes secrete a slippery serous fluid
that separates the layer lining the wall of the cavity (parietal layer) from the layer
covering the organ (visceral layer).
17. Aging at a cellu- Cells mark time too, many approaching the end of a limited number of predeter-
lar level mined cell divisions as their chromosome tips whittle down. Such cells reaching
the end of their division days may enlarge or die. Some cells may be unable
to build the apparatus that pulls apart replicated chromosomes in a cell on the
verge of division. Impaired cell division slows wound healing, yet at the same
time, the inappropriate cell division that underlies cancer becomes more likely.
Certain subcellular functions lose efficiency, including repair of DNA damage and
transport of substances into and out of cells. Aging cells are less efficient at
extracting energy from nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged cell parts.
18. anatomical posi- Body facing forward, feet are parallel to each other, arms are at he sides with the
tion palms facing forward
19. Proximal Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk
20. distal Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part
21. medial Closer to the midline of the body
22. lateral Away from the midline of the body
23. superior Higher on the body, nearer to the head
24. inferior Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.
, APHY 101 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ml2hj
25. anterior Front of body/ body structure
26. posterior Nearer to or at the back of the body
27. ventral At the belly side
28. dorsal Backside
29. Why is chem- Understanding the basics of chemistry is essential for understanding physiology,
istry an impor- because body functions result from cellular functions that, in turn, result from
tant part of phys- chemical changes.
iology?
30. atom Smallest particle of an element
31. element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical
or physical means
32. molecule Two or more atoms may combine to form a distinctive type of particle
33. compound (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or
ingredients
34. Name the bulk el- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
ements in the hu-
man body.
35. atomic number Number of protons in an atom
36. atomic weight equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
37. ion An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus
acquiring a charge.
38. negative ions have (-), positive ions have (+)
