NURS 5334 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is started on Empagliflozin (Jardiance). Which mechanism of
action best describes this medication?
A. Slowing of gastric emptying and suppression of glucagon secretion.
B. Activation of the PPAR-gamma receptor to increase insulin sensitivity.
C. Stimulation of insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells.
D. Inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubule.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that works by blocking the
reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to glucosuria.
2. Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of the need to increase a
patient’s dose of Levothyroxine?
A. An elevated TSH level.
B. A low TSH level.
C. A high Free T4 level.
,D. Normal TSH with clinical signs of tachycardia.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In primary hypothyroidism, an elevated TSH indicates that the
body is not receiving enough thyroid hormone, requiring a dosage increase.
3. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with which of the following conditions due to the
risk of lactic acidosis?
A. Estimated GFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73m².
B. Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 35.
C. History of gestational diabetes.
D. Elevated LDL cholesterol.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is renally cleared; severe renal impairment (eGFR <
30) significantly increases the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
4. A patient taking Lithium for Bipolar Disorder presents with coarse hand tremors, ataxia,
and confusion. What is the most likely cause?
A. Lithium toxicity.
B. Normal therapeutic effects of the drug.
C. Serotonin syndrome.
D. Development of Type 2 Diabetes.
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Coarse tremors, ataxia, and mental status changes are classic
signs of Lithium toxicity, which can occur as levels exceed 1.5-2.0 mEq/L.
5. Which black box warning is associated with all Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
(SSRIs)?
A. Increased risk of suicidal ideation in children, adolescents, and young adults.
B. Risk of hepatotoxicity.
C. Potential for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.
D. Risk of permanent weight gain.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The FDA mandates a black box warning on all antidepressants
regarding the increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in patients under age 25.
6. A patient with Parkinson’s disease is prescribed Levodopa-Carbidopa. What is the primary
role of Carbidopa in this combination?
A. To increase the transport of Levodopa across the blood-brain barrier.
B. To reduce the psychiatric side effects of Levodopa.
C. To act as a direct dopamine agonist in the striatum.
D. To inhibit the peripheral metabolism of Levodopa by dopa decarboxylase.
Answer: D
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is started on Empagliflozin (Jardiance). Which mechanism of
action best describes this medication?
A. Slowing of gastric emptying and suppression of glucagon secretion.
B. Activation of the PPAR-gamma receptor to increase insulin sensitivity.
C. Stimulation of insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells.
D. Inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubule.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that works by blocking the
reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to glucosuria.
2. Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of the need to increase a
patient’s dose of Levothyroxine?
A. An elevated TSH level.
B. A low TSH level.
C. A high Free T4 level.
,D. Normal TSH with clinical signs of tachycardia.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In primary hypothyroidism, an elevated TSH indicates that the
body is not receiving enough thyroid hormone, requiring a dosage increase.
3. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with which of the following conditions due to the
risk of lactic acidosis?
A. Estimated GFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73m².
B. Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 35.
C. History of gestational diabetes.
D. Elevated LDL cholesterol.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is renally cleared; severe renal impairment (eGFR <
30) significantly increases the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
4. A patient taking Lithium for Bipolar Disorder presents with coarse hand tremors, ataxia,
and confusion. What is the most likely cause?
A. Lithium toxicity.
B. Normal therapeutic effects of the drug.
C. Serotonin syndrome.
D. Development of Type 2 Diabetes.
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Coarse tremors, ataxia, and mental status changes are classic
signs of Lithium toxicity, which can occur as levels exceed 1.5-2.0 mEq/L.
5. Which black box warning is associated with all Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
(SSRIs)?
A. Increased risk of suicidal ideation in children, adolescents, and young adults.
B. Risk of hepatotoxicity.
C. Potential for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.
D. Risk of permanent weight gain.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The FDA mandates a black box warning on all antidepressants
regarding the increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in patients under age 25.
6. A patient with Parkinson’s disease is prescribed Levodopa-Carbidopa. What is the primary
role of Carbidopa in this combination?
A. To increase the transport of Levodopa across the blood-brain barrier.
B. To reduce the psychiatric side effects of Levodopa.
C. To act as a direct dopamine agonist in the striatum.
D. To inhibit the peripheral metabolism of Levodopa by dopa decarboxylase.
Answer: D
