APHY 101 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE INDIANAPOLIS
Table of Contents
Section Domain Approx. Page
Questions Reference
1 Chemistry and Biochemistry 40 1
2 Cellular Level of Organization 30 5
3 Tissue Level of Organization 30 9
4 Integumentary System 20 13
5 Homeostasis and Feedback 20 15
Mechanisms
6 Skeletal System 30 17
7 Muscular System 20 21
8 Nervous System 10 24
Section 1: Chemistry and Biochemistry (Questions 1-40)
1. Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions (H+) in
solution and decreases pH?
A. Base
B. Buffer
C. Acid
D. Salt
Answer: C
,Rationale: An acid is defined as a proton (H+) donor. When dissolved in
water, it increases the H+ concentration, which lowers the pH.
2. Which substance combines with hydrogen ions to remove them
from solution, thereby increasing pH?
A. Acid
B. Base
C. Salt
D. Buffer
Answer: B
Rationale: A base is a proton acceptor. It reduces the H+ concentration
in a solution, leading to an increase in pH.
3. What is a substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases
are added?
A. Buffer
B. Salt
C. Acid
D. Base
Answer: A
Rationale: A buffer system consists of a weak acid and its conjugate
base, allowing it to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base to
maintain a relatively stable pH.
4. What is the product, along with water, of a reaction between an
acid and a base?
A. Acid
B. Base
C. Salt
D. Buffer
,Answer: C
Rationale: In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with a base to
form water and a salt.
5. Which of the following is considered the universal solvent due to its
polarity?
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Saline
D. Blood
Answer: A
Rationale: Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve many ionic
and polar covalent compounds, making it the universal solvent in
biological systems.
6. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between
atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Metallic bond
Answer: B
Rationale: A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one or
more pairs of valence electrons.
7. Which type of bond is formed by the attraction between oppositely
charged ions?
A. Covalent bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Ionic bond
, D. Peptide bond
Answer: C
Rationale: An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between
positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
8. Which macromolecule is primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid
D. Carbohydrate
Answer: D
Rationale: Carbohydrates have the general formula (CH2O)n, fitting the
1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
9. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Glucose
C. Lactose
D. Glycogen
Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide). Sucrose and
lactose are disaccharides, and glycogen is a polysaccharide.
10. What type of bond links amino acids together to form proteins?
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Peptide bond
C. Ester bond
D. Hydrogen bond
Answer: B
ANSWERS IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE INDIANAPOLIS
Table of Contents
Section Domain Approx. Page
Questions Reference
1 Chemistry and Biochemistry 40 1
2 Cellular Level of Organization 30 5
3 Tissue Level of Organization 30 9
4 Integumentary System 20 13
5 Homeostasis and Feedback 20 15
Mechanisms
6 Skeletal System 30 17
7 Muscular System 20 21
8 Nervous System 10 24
Section 1: Chemistry and Biochemistry (Questions 1-40)
1. Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions (H+) in
solution and decreases pH?
A. Base
B. Buffer
C. Acid
D. Salt
Answer: C
,Rationale: An acid is defined as a proton (H+) donor. When dissolved in
water, it increases the H+ concentration, which lowers the pH.
2. Which substance combines with hydrogen ions to remove them
from solution, thereby increasing pH?
A. Acid
B. Base
C. Salt
D. Buffer
Answer: B
Rationale: A base is a proton acceptor. It reduces the H+ concentration
in a solution, leading to an increase in pH.
3. What is a substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases
are added?
A. Buffer
B. Salt
C. Acid
D. Base
Answer: A
Rationale: A buffer system consists of a weak acid and its conjugate
base, allowing it to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base to
maintain a relatively stable pH.
4. What is the product, along with water, of a reaction between an
acid and a base?
A. Acid
B. Base
C. Salt
D. Buffer
,Answer: C
Rationale: In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with a base to
form water and a salt.
5. Which of the following is considered the universal solvent due to its
polarity?
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Saline
D. Blood
Answer: A
Rationale: Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve many ionic
and polar covalent compounds, making it the universal solvent in
biological systems.
6. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between
atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Metallic bond
Answer: B
Rationale: A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one or
more pairs of valence electrons.
7. Which type of bond is formed by the attraction between oppositely
charged ions?
A. Covalent bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Ionic bond
, D. Peptide bond
Answer: C
Rationale: An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between
positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
8. Which macromolecule is primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid
D. Carbohydrate
Answer: D
Rationale: Carbohydrates have the general formula (CH2O)n, fitting the
1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
9. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Glucose
C. Lactose
D. Glycogen
Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide). Sucrose and
lactose are disaccharides, and glycogen is a polysaccharide.
10. What type of bond links amino acids together to form proteins?
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Peptide bond
C. Ester bond
D. Hydrogen bond
Answer: B
