LSU BIOLOGY 1202 HRINCEVICH CH. 27 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2027
Question 1.
Prokaryotes
Correct Answer: - First living organisms to inhabit the Earth (3.5 BYA) - Most
abundant organisms (inhabit every known environment) - Represent 2 domains:
1. Bacteria 2. Archaea - Thrive almost everywhere, including places too acidic,
salty, cold, or hot for other organisms - Most are UNICELLULAR (some species
form colonies) - Much smaller than eukaryotic cells - Variety of shapes, including
spheres (Cocci), rods (Bacilli), & spirals (Sprilli)
Question 2.
Cell Wall
Correct Answer: Maintains shape, protects, & prevents it from bursting in a
hypotonic environment - Most contain peptidoglycan
Question 3.
Peptidoglycan
Correct Answer: A network of sugar polymers x-linked by polypeptides
Question 4.
Bacteria
Correct Answer: Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls
containing peptidoglycan
Question 5.
Gram Stain
Correct Answer: A staining method that distinguishes between two different
kinds of bacteria
Question 6.
Gram-Positive
Correct Answer: Describes the group of bacteria that have simpler walls w/ a
large amount of peptidoglycan - Stain PURPLE - Particularly susceptible to
antibiotics
, Question 7.
Gram-Negative
Correct Answer: Describes the type of bacteria that have less peptidoglycan &
an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides - Stain PINK
Question 8.
Antibiotics
Correct Answer: Target peptidoglycan & block the growth and reproduction of
bacteria - Damage bacterial cell walls - Kill prokaryotic cells, but do not kill
bacteria w/ specific R plasmids!!!
Question 9.
Capsule
Correct Answer: A sticky outer layer of polysaccharide or protein that is present
in some prokaryotes - Allows adherence to the substrate & can shield
pathogenic bacteria from the host immune system
Question 10.
Endospores
Correct Answer: Formed metabolically inactive by prokaryotes - Can remain
viable in harsh conditions for centuries
Question 11.
Fimbriae
Correct Answer: Hair-like appendages that allow prokaryotes to stick to their
substrate
Question 12.
Pili
Correct Answer: Are longer than fimbriae, & allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA
(or sex pili)
Question 13.
Taxis
Correct Answer: The ability to move toward or away from a stimulus (exhibited
by about 1/2 of all prokaryotes) EX. Chemotaxis is the movement toward or
away from a chemical stimulus
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2027
Question 1.
Prokaryotes
Correct Answer: - First living organisms to inhabit the Earth (3.5 BYA) - Most
abundant organisms (inhabit every known environment) - Represent 2 domains:
1. Bacteria 2. Archaea - Thrive almost everywhere, including places too acidic,
salty, cold, or hot for other organisms - Most are UNICELLULAR (some species
form colonies) - Much smaller than eukaryotic cells - Variety of shapes, including
spheres (Cocci), rods (Bacilli), & spirals (Sprilli)
Question 2.
Cell Wall
Correct Answer: Maintains shape, protects, & prevents it from bursting in a
hypotonic environment - Most contain peptidoglycan
Question 3.
Peptidoglycan
Correct Answer: A network of sugar polymers x-linked by polypeptides
Question 4.
Bacteria
Correct Answer: Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls
containing peptidoglycan
Question 5.
Gram Stain
Correct Answer: A staining method that distinguishes between two different
kinds of bacteria
Question 6.
Gram-Positive
Correct Answer: Describes the group of bacteria that have simpler walls w/ a
large amount of peptidoglycan - Stain PURPLE - Particularly susceptible to
antibiotics
, Question 7.
Gram-Negative
Correct Answer: Describes the type of bacteria that have less peptidoglycan &
an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides - Stain PINK
Question 8.
Antibiotics
Correct Answer: Target peptidoglycan & block the growth and reproduction of
bacteria - Damage bacterial cell walls - Kill prokaryotic cells, but do not kill
bacteria w/ specific R plasmids!!!
Question 9.
Capsule
Correct Answer: A sticky outer layer of polysaccharide or protein that is present
in some prokaryotes - Allows adherence to the substrate & can shield
pathogenic bacteria from the host immune system
Question 10.
Endospores
Correct Answer: Formed metabolically inactive by prokaryotes - Can remain
viable in harsh conditions for centuries
Question 11.
Fimbriae
Correct Answer: Hair-like appendages that allow prokaryotes to stick to their
substrate
Question 12.
Pili
Correct Answer: Are longer than fimbriae, & allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA
(or sex pili)
Question 13.
Taxis
Correct Answer: The ability to move toward or away from a stimulus (exhibited
by about 1/2 of all prokaryotes) EX. Chemotaxis is the movement toward or
away from a chemical stimulus
