BIO 101 – UNIT TEST 2 2026/2027 | BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE,
EXAM REVIEW & PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Phospholipids form bilayers because their _____ heads are attracted to water while the fatty
acid chains are repelled by water. - ANS✔✔ polar
Are phospholipid head polar or non-polar? - ANS✔✔ polar
Are phospholipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - ANS✔✔ both (heads are hydrophilic, tails/fatty
acid chains are hydrophobic)
Proteins that are involved in the passive transport of molecules across a selectively permeable
membrane are: - ANS✔✔ channel proteins
Four main types of proteins, based on function - ANS✔✔ Channel proteins, carrier proteins,
structural proteins, and enzyme proteins
To increase the fluidity of the membrane, the number of _____ fatty acids on the phospholipids
would need to be increased. - ANS✔✔ unsaturated
Differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids: - ANS✔✔ Saturated have no double
bonds, unsaturated have at least 1. Saturated are solid at room temp, unsaturated are liquid.
Ectron transport train, what membrane - ANS✔✔ Thylakoid
Osmosis is the movement of what molecule? - ANS✔✔ Water
3 dot diagram with sugar and explosion - ANS✔✔ ATP
, The second law of thermodynamics - ANS✔✔ the entropy of the universe is always increasing
Location of glycolysis - ANS✔✔ cytoplasm
Type of protein that spans from one side of the membrane to the other (extracellular to
intracellular) - ANS✔✔ transmembrane proteins
types of transmembrane proteins - ANS✔✔ integral and peripheral
integral proteins - ANS✔✔ penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer
peripheral proteins - ANS✔✔ bound to the surface of the membrane
3 stages of calvin cycle - ANS✔✔ fixation, reduction, regeneration
What happens during fixation? - ANS✔✔ Carbon dioxide is added to a molecule
3 (5-carbon) molecules + 3 CO2 + RuBisCo = 6 (3 carbon) molecules
What happens during reduction? - ANS✔✔ gain of electrons
What happens during regeneration? - ANS✔✔ After 1C leaves the cycle, the 5C compound RuP
forms
RuBP is regenerated from RuP using 1x ATP
Forms 1x ADP
EXAM REVIEW & PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Phospholipids form bilayers because their _____ heads are attracted to water while the fatty
acid chains are repelled by water. - ANS✔✔ polar
Are phospholipid head polar or non-polar? - ANS✔✔ polar
Are phospholipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - ANS✔✔ both (heads are hydrophilic, tails/fatty
acid chains are hydrophobic)
Proteins that are involved in the passive transport of molecules across a selectively permeable
membrane are: - ANS✔✔ channel proteins
Four main types of proteins, based on function - ANS✔✔ Channel proteins, carrier proteins,
structural proteins, and enzyme proteins
To increase the fluidity of the membrane, the number of _____ fatty acids on the phospholipids
would need to be increased. - ANS✔✔ unsaturated
Differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids: - ANS✔✔ Saturated have no double
bonds, unsaturated have at least 1. Saturated are solid at room temp, unsaturated are liquid.
Ectron transport train, what membrane - ANS✔✔ Thylakoid
Osmosis is the movement of what molecule? - ANS✔✔ Water
3 dot diagram with sugar and explosion - ANS✔✔ ATP
, The second law of thermodynamics - ANS✔✔ the entropy of the universe is always increasing
Location of glycolysis - ANS✔✔ cytoplasm
Type of protein that spans from one side of the membrane to the other (extracellular to
intracellular) - ANS✔✔ transmembrane proteins
types of transmembrane proteins - ANS✔✔ integral and peripheral
integral proteins - ANS✔✔ penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer
peripheral proteins - ANS✔✔ bound to the surface of the membrane
3 stages of calvin cycle - ANS✔✔ fixation, reduction, regeneration
What happens during fixation? - ANS✔✔ Carbon dioxide is added to a molecule
3 (5-carbon) molecules + 3 CO2 + RuBisCo = 6 (3 carbon) molecules
What happens during reduction? - ANS✔✔ gain of electrons
What happens during regeneration? - ANS✔✔ After 1C leaves the cycle, the 5C compound RuP
forms
RuBP is regenerated from RuP using 1x ATP
Forms 1x ADP
