1. bones, . / are, . / essential, . / for::, . / Support,,./protection,,./movement,,./blood,./cell,./formation,./and,./mineral,./storag
e.
2. 4,./classifications,./of,./bones:,./1.,./long,./bones
2. short,./bones,./(and,./sesamoid)
3. flat,./bones
4. irregular,./ bones
3. long,./bones:,./Long,./and,./narrow,./with,./expanded,./ends.,./Allow,./for,./movement,./in,./each,./end,./and,./form,./segme
nts,./in,./highly,./movable,./regions,./in,./and,./close,./to,./limbs.
4. Short,./bones:,./Length,./roughly,./equal,./to,./width.,./Includes,./the,./small,./bones,./of,./the,./wrist,./and,./ankle,./an
d,./also,./sesamoid,./bones,,./which,./are,./imbedded,./in,./tendons.
5. flat,./bones:,./Plate-
like,./with,./broad,./surfaces,./for,./protection.,./Includes,./thoracic,./cage,,./many,./cranium,./bones,./and,./the,./appendicula
r,./girdles.
6. irregular,./bones:,./complex,./shapes.,./Vertebra,./and,./rest,./of,./the,./cranium.
7. compact,./bone:,./cortical,./bone.,./Dense,./and,./compact.,./Makes,./up,./the,./outer,./wall,./of,./all,./bones.
8. Spongy,./bone:,./cancellous,./bone.,./Deeper,./in,./and,./particularly,./prominent,./in,./the,./epiphysis.
9. Periosteum:,./Dense,./irregular,./connective,./tissue,./lining,./the,./outside,./of,./a,./bone.
10. Endosteum:,./Thinner,./membrane,./lining,./the,./medullary,./cavity,./of,./a,./bone.
11. Osteocytes:,./bone,./cells
12. Lacunae:,./small,./cavities,./in,./bone,./that,./contain,./osteocytes
13. canalliculi:,./small,./canals,./that,./connect,./lacunae,./to,./one,./another
14. Lammellae:,./rings,./around,./the,./central,./canal
, 15. What,./percent,./of,./bones,./extracellular,./matrix,./is,./Collagen?:,./30%
16. What,./makes,./up,./the,./remaining,./70%,./of,./bones,./extracellular,./matrix?:,./Inorgan
ic,./salts,,./mostly,./a,./hardened,./mineral,./of,./calcium,./and,./phosphate,./called:,./Hydroxyapatite.
17. Osteon:,./functional,./unit,./of,./compact,./bone
18. central,./canal:,./Center,./of,./the,./Osteon,,./contains,./blood,./vessels,./and,./nerves
19. trabeculae:,./ supporting,./bundles,./of,./bony,./fibers,./in,./cancellous,./(spongy),./bone
20. yellow, . / bone, . / marrow:, . / fatty,./tissue,./found,./in,./the,./medullary,./cavity,./of,./most,./adult,./long
21. red,./bone,./marrow:,./found,./in,./cancellous,./bone;,./site,./of,./hematopoiesis
22. Hematopoiesis:, . / blood,./cell,./formation
23. Osteoclasts, . / are:, . / cells,./that,./break,./down,./bone,./matrix,./through,./resorption
24. Osteoblasts,./are:,./Bone,./building,./cells,,./through,./a,./process,./called,./Deposition
25. If,./blood,./calcium,./is,./too,./low..:,./parathyroid,./hormone,./(parathyroid,./gland),./stimulates,./osteoclasts,
./to,./break,./down,./bone,./and,./release,./calcium,./into,./the,./blood
e.
2. 4,./classifications,./of,./bones:,./1.,./long,./bones
2. short,./bones,./(and,./sesamoid)
3. flat,./bones
4. irregular,./ bones
3. long,./bones:,./Long,./and,./narrow,./with,./expanded,./ends.,./Allow,./for,./movement,./in,./each,./end,./and,./form,./segme
nts,./in,./highly,./movable,./regions,./in,./and,./close,./to,./limbs.
4. Short,./bones:,./Length,./roughly,./equal,./to,./width.,./Includes,./the,./small,./bones,./of,./the,./wrist,./and,./ankle,./an
d,./also,./sesamoid,./bones,,./which,./are,./imbedded,./in,./tendons.
5. flat,./bones:,./Plate-
like,./with,./broad,./surfaces,./for,./protection.,./Includes,./thoracic,./cage,,./many,./cranium,./bones,./and,./the,./appendicula
r,./girdles.
6. irregular,./bones:,./complex,./shapes.,./Vertebra,./and,./rest,./of,./the,./cranium.
7. compact,./bone:,./cortical,./bone.,./Dense,./and,./compact.,./Makes,./up,./the,./outer,./wall,./of,./all,./bones.
8. Spongy,./bone:,./cancellous,./bone.,./Deeper,./in,./and,./particularly,./prominent,./in,./the,./epiphysis.
9. Periosteum:,./Dense,./irregular,./connective,./tissue,./lining,./the,./outside,./of,./a,./bone.
10. Endosteum:,./Thinner,./membrane,./lining,./the,./medullary,./cavity,./of,./a,./bone.
11. Osteocytes:,./bone,./cells
12. Lacunae:,./small,./cavities,./in,./bone,./that,./contain,./osteocytes
13. canalliculi:,./small,./canals,./that,./connect,./lacunae,./to,./one,./another
14. Lammellae:,./rings,./around,./the,./central,./canal
, 15. What,./percent,./of,./bones,./extracellular,./matrix,./is,./Collagen?:,./30%
16. What,./makes,./up,./the,./remaining,./70%,./of,./bones,./extracellular,./matrix?:,./Inorgan
ic,./salts,,./mostly,./a,./hardened,./mineral,./of,./calcium,./and,./phosphate,./called:,./Hydroxyapatite.
17. Osteon:,./functional,./unit,./of,./compact,./bone
18. central,./canal:,./Center,./of,./the,./Osteon,,./contains,./blood,./vessels,./and,./nerves
19. trabeculae:,./ supporting,./bundles,./of,./bony,./fibers,./in,./cancellous,./(spongy),./bone
20. yellow, . / bone, . / marrow:, . / fatty,./tissue,./found,./in,./the,./medullary,./cavity,./of,./most,./adult,./long
21. red,./bone,./marrow:,./found,./in,./cancellous,./bone;,./site,./of,./hematopoiesis
22. Hematopoiesis:, . / blood,./cell,./formation
23. Osteoclasts, . / are:, . / cells,./that,./break,./down,./bone,./matrix,./through,./resorption
24. Osteoblasts,./are:,./Bone,./building,./cells,,./through,./a,./process,./called,./Deposition
25. If,./blood,./calcium,./is,./too,./low..:,./parathyroid,./hormone,./(parathyroid,./gland),./stimulates,./osteoclasts,
./to,./break,./down,./bone,./and,./release,./calcium,./into,./the,./blood
