ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question 1.
anatomy
Correct Answer: study of structure and form; derived from Greek word Anatome
which means to cut apart or dissect; Anatomists study structure and form of
organims studying the relationships among parts of the body and the structure
of individual organs
Question 2.
physiology
Correct Answer: the study of function of the body parts; physiologists examine
how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances as well as
how their functions are altered with medication or disease
Question 3.
branches of anatomy
Correct Answer: microscopic- structures that cannot be observed to the unaided
eye (cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure; histology- study
of tissues) gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,;
macroscopic (systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system; regional
anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a
complete unit)
Question 4.
embryology
Correct Answer: discipline concerned with developmental changes occuring from
conception to birth
Question 5.
comparative A&P
Correct Answer: examines similarities and differences of anatomy and
physiology of different species
Question 6.
pathophysiology
Correct Answer: relationship between the functioning of an organ system and
disease or injury to that organ system
Question 7.
basic qualities of life
,Correct Answer: organization- each organism has a complex structure and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body; anabolism
(smaller molecules form larger) and catabolism (larger molecules are broken
down to smaller) growth and development- each organism assimilates materials
from its environment and often grows and develops responsiveness- ability to
sense and react to stimuli regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily
function in the face of environmental changes- homeostasis- ability of an
organism to maintain a consistent internal environment
Question 8.
organization of the human body
Correct Answer: chemical level- consists of atoms, molecules, macromolecules,
and organelles cell level- consists of cells, made up of structures and molecules
from chemical level tissue level- made up of tissues which are made of cells
organ level- made up of organs made up of 2-3 tissue types that work together
for specific, complex functions organ system level- organs that work together to
coordinate activities and acheive a common function
Question 9.
anterior
Correct Answer: in front of
Question 10.
posterior
Correct Answer: in back of
Question 11.
dorsal
Correct Answer: on the backside of the human body
Question 12.
ventral
Correct Answer: on the belly side of the human body
Question 13.
superior
Correct Answer: closer to the head
Question 14.
inferior
Correct Answer: closer to the feet
, Question 15.
deep
Correct Answer: on the inside
Question 16.
superficial
Correct Answer: on the outside
Question 17.
homeostasis
Correct Answer: refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent
internal environment or "steady state"; for example if the body gets hot due to
external temperature, the body maintains a steady state by circulating more
blood toward the surface to facilitate heat loss; nervous system regulating
blood pressure when you get out of bed in the morning receptor- detects
changes in variable; either substance or process stimulus control center -
interprets input from the receptor and initiates change through the effector;
parathyroid hormone monitors calcium levels effector- structure that brings
about the change to alter the stimulus; muscles in the lungs that bring air flow
Question 18.
positive feedback
Correct Answer: set point-- what is normal action occurs that reinforces the
response; mother breast feeds baby: suckling causes receptors to signal to
hypothalamus to release oxytocin causing breast tissue to produce milk
Question 19.
negative feedback
Correct Answer: detecting a change and then initiating the opposite response to
return to the set point (if it's hot, bringing heat to the surface of the skin so the
body loses heat, if cold withdrawing blood to vessels, skeletal muscles shiver,
no sweat, withdraw foot when stepping on glass)
Question 20.
atoms
Correct Answer: protons (+1 charge), nuetrons, and electrons (very little
weight) atomic number is based on protons amu is based on protons and
nuetrons
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question 1.
anatomy
Correct Answer: study of structure and form; derived from Greek word Anatome
which means to cut apart or dissect; Anatomists study structure and form of
organims studying the relationships among parts of the body and the structure
of individual organs
Question 2.
physiology
Correct Answer: the study of function of the body parts; physiologists examine
how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances as well as
how their functions are altered with medication or disease
Question 3.
branches of anatomy
Correct Answer: microscopic- structures that cannot be observed to the unaided
eye (cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure; histology- study
of tissues) gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,;
macroscopic (systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system; regional
anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a
complete unit)
Question 4.
embryology
Correct Answer: discipline concerned with developmental changes occuring from
conception to birth
Question 5.
comparative A&P
Correct Answer: examines similarities and differences of anatomy and
physiology of different species
Question 6.
pathophysiology
Correct Answer: relationship between the functioning of an organ system and
disease or injury to that organ system
Question 7.
basic qualities of life
,Correct Answer: organization- each organism has a complex structure and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body; anabolism
(smaller molecules form larger) and catabolism (larger molecules are broken
down to smaller) growth and development- each organism assimilates materials
from its environment and often grows and develops responsiveness- ability to
sense and react to stimuli regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily
function in the face of environmental changes- homeostasis- ability of an
organism to maintain a consistent internal environment
Question 8.
organization of the human body
Correct Answer: chemical level- consists of atoms, molecules, macromolecules,
and organelles cell level- consists of cells, made up of structures and molecules
from chemical level tissue level- made up of tissues which are made of cells
organ level- made up of organs made up of 2-3 tissue types that work together
for specific, complex functions organ system level- organs that work together to
coordinate activities and acheive a common function
Question 9.
anterior
Correct Answer: in front of
Question 10.
posterior
Correct Answer: in back of
Question 11.
dorsal
Correct Answer: on the backside of the human body
Question 12.
ventral
Correct Answer: on the belly side of the human body
Question 13.
superior
Correct Answer: closer to the head
Question 14.
inferior
Correct Answer: closer to the feet
, Question 15.
deep
Correct Answer: on the inside
Question 16.
superficial
Correct Answer: on the outside
Question 17.
homeostasis
Correct Answer: refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent
internal environment or "steady state"; for example if the body gets hot due to
external temperature, the body maintains a steady state by circulating more
blood toward the surface to facilitate heat loss; nervous system regulating
blood pressure when you get out of bed in the morning receptor- detects
changes in variable; either substance or process stimulus control center -
interprets input from the receptor and initiates change through the effector;
parathyroid hormone monitors calcium levels effector- structure that brings
about the change to alter the stimulus; muscles in the lungs that bring air flow
Question 18.
positive feedback
Correct Answer: set point-- what is normal action occurs that reinforces the
response; mother breast feeds baby: suckling causes receptors to signal to
hypothalamus to release oxytocin causing breast tissue to produce milk
Question 19.
negative feedback
Correct Answer: detecting a change and then initiating the opposite response to
return to the set point (if it's hot, bringing heat to the surface of the skin so the
body loses heat, if cold withdrawing blood to vessels, skeletal muscles shiver,
no sweat, withdraw foot when stepping on glass)
Question 20.
atoms
Correct Answer: protons (+1 charge), nuetrons, and electrons (very little
weight) atomic number is based on protons amu is based on protons and
nuetrons
