NRMS 5190 EXAM 1 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
What is the definition pathophysiology? - ANSWERS-The study of the
body's response to dysfunction or disease; "physiology of altered health"
Ex: The mechanism of high blood pressure is an example of
What is the definition of etiology? - ANSWERS-The causes of the
disease
Pathogenesis - ANSWERS-Explains how the disease process evolves - it
is the sequence of events that take place from time of contact with
etiologic agent until the expression of the disease
Morphologic changes - ANSWERS-refers to both gross anatomic and
microscopic changes that are characteristic of disease
Clinical manifestations - ANSWERS-Signs and symptoms of a disease
but also can be silent such as many cancers
Diagnosis - ANSWERS-is the designation of the cause of the health
problem
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PAGE
1
, NRMS 5190 EXAM 1 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Clinical Course - ANSWERS-Could be acute or chronic, describes the
course of the disease
Sensitivity - ANSWERS-The ability to detect how good a test is for
detecting a disease/condition.
True positive vs false negative
Ex: 9/10 women will test positive for pregnancy: 90% sensitivity
However, 1/10 women or 10% of women will falsely test negative for
pregnancy, it should have been positive.
** false negatives can jeopardize treatment and increase chances of
disease spreading
Specificity - ANSWERS-The ability to detect how many people do not
have the disease. This can only be calculated by people who do not have
the disease.
True negative vs false positive
Ex: 9/10 people will test negative for syphilis: 90% specificity
However, 1/10 or 10% will test falsely test negative even though they do
have the disease
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PAGE
2
, NRMS 5190 EXAM 1 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
**higher sensitivity=lower specificity
Epidemiology - ANSWERS-The study of factors affecting the health
and illness of populations; study of disease occurrence in human
populations, looks for patterns and factors in particular disorder and
disease
** Whether something happens rather than how**
Morbidity - ANSWERS-describes the effects an illness significantly
impacts a person's body
Mortality - ANSWERS-pertains to the causes of death in a given
population, leading causes of death
primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention - ANSWERS-Primary: vaccines
- no disease present
Secondary: pap smear
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PAGE
3
, NRMS 5190 EXAM 1 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
- early detection and treatment before disease can occur
Tertiary: taking antibiotics
- clinical course
Transcription - ANSWERS-occurs in the cell nucleus and is the process
in which RNA is synthesized from the DNA template; occurs when the
DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA
mRNA - ANSWERS-formed by DNA by the process of transcription.
mRNA travels to ribosomes in the cytoplasm so the instructions can be
used to make proteins, **carries the message, is the template for protein
synthesis**
Translation - ANSWERS-Translation is the synthesis of a protein using
the mRNA template, occurs in the cytoplasm
tRNA (transfer RNA) - ANSWERS-transports amino acids to ribosomes
so that mRNA can be turned into a sequence of amino acids, this is
known as **translation, and uses mRNA template to link amino acids to
END OF
PAGE
4
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
What is the definition pathophysiology? - ANSWERS-The study of the
body's response to dysfunction or disease; "physiology of altered health"
Ex: The mechanism of high blood pressure is an example of
What is the definition of etiology? - ANSWERS-The causes of the
disease
Pathogenesis - ANSWERS-Explains how the disease process evolves - it
is the sequence of events that take place from time of contact with
etiologic agent until the expression of the disease
Morphologic changes - ANSWERS-refers to both gross anatomic and
microscopic changes that are characteristic of disease
Clinical manifestations - ANSWERS-Signs and symptoms of a disease
but also can be silent such as many cancers
Diagnosis - ANSWERS-is the designation of the cause of the health
problem
END OF
PAGE
1
, NRMS 5190 EXAM 1 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Clinical Course - ANSWERS-Could be acute or chronic, describes the
course of the disease
Sensitivity - ANSWERS-The ability to detect how good a test is for
detecting a disease/condition.
True positive vs false negative
Ex: 9/10 women will test positive for pregnancy: 90% sensitivity
However, 1/10 women or 10% of women will falsely test negative for
pregnancy, it should have been positive.
** false negatives can jeopardize treatment and increase chances of
disease spreading
Specificity - ANSWERS-The ability to detect how many people do not
have the disease. This can only be calculated by people who do not have
the disease.
True negative vs false positive
Ex: 9/10 people will test negative for syphilis: 90% specificity
However, 1/10 or 10% will test falsely test negative even though they do
have the disease
END OF
PAGE
2
, NRMS 5190 EXAM 1 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
**higher sensitivity=lower specificity
Epidemiology - ANSWERS-The study of factors affecting the health
and illness of populations; study of disease occurrence in human
populations, looks for patterns and factors in particular disorder and
disease
** Whether something happens rather than how**
Morbidity - ANSWERS-describes the effects an illness significantly
impacts a person's body
Mortality - ANSWERS-pertains to the causes of death in a given
population, leading causes of death
primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention - ANSWERS-Primary: vaccines
- no disease present
Secondary: pap smear
END OF
PAGE
3
, NRMS 5190 EXAM 1 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
- early detection and treatment before disease can occur
Tertiary: taking antibiotics
- clinical course
Transcription - ANSWERS-occurs in the cell nucleus and is the process
in which RNA is synthesized from the DNA template; occurs when the
DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA
mRNA - ANSWERS-formed by DNA by the process of transcription.
mRNA travels to ribosomes in the cytoplasm so the instructions can be
used to make proteins, **carries the message, is the template for protein
synthesis**
Translation - ANSWERS-Translation is the synthesis of a protein using
the mRNA template, occurs in the cytoplasm
tRNA (transfer RNA) - ANSWERS-transports amino acids to ribosomes
so that mRNA can be turned into a sequence of amino acids, this is
known as **translation, and uses mRNA template to link amino acids to
END OF
PAGE
4
