NR 226 FINAL REVIEW 2026/2027 | NURSING FUNDAMENTALS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | UPDATE…
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
NR 226 Final Review
2026/2027 | Nursing
Fundamentals Questions &
Answers | Updated
Comprehensive Exam
Review (Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales 117 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This comprehensive review document provides 117 nursing fundamentals questions with all
correct answers and detailed rationales. It is an invaluable resource for studying
foundational nursing concepts. Students can effectively use this material for exam
preparation, course review, and certification readiness.
TOPICS
• Nursing Process & Safety • Infection Control & Skin Integrity
• Vital Signs & Oxygenation • Elimination & Nutrition
• Medication Administration • Pain & Sleep
• Fluid & Electrolytes & Acid-Base
Page 1
, E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 117
ADPIE
RESPONSE
assessment, diagnosis, plan, implementation, evaluation
RATIONALE
The nursing process provides a systematic, patient-centered framework for providing care. This
cyclical process guides nurses through data collection, problem identification, goal setting, action,
and outcome appraisal. Its sequential steps ensure comprehensive and effective nursing
interventions.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 117
SMART goals
RESPONSE
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time bound
RATIONALE
The SMART goal framework provides a structured approach to setting objectives in healthcare.
Each component—specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound—ensures that goals
are clear, trackable, realistic, aligned with patient needs, and have defined endpoints for evaluation.
This methodology enhances the effectiveness of interventions and patient care plans.
Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 117
2017 National Patient Safety Goals
RESPONSE
improve accuracy of patient identification, improve staff communication, use medications
safely, prevent infection, identify patient safety risks, prevent surgery mistakes
Page 2
, RATIONALE
The National Patient Safety Goals are designed to promote specific improvements in patient safety.
These goals focus on critical areas such as accurate patient identification, effective communication
among healthcare providers, safe medication administration, and infection prevention. They also
address risk identification and the prevention of errors during surgical procedures.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 117
Prioritizing Client Care
RESPONSE
airway, breathing, circulation
RATIONALE
The ABCs are the foundational principles for prioritizing patient care in emergency and critical
situations. This hierarchical approach ensures that immediate life-sustaining functions are
addressed before other concerns. Maintaining a patent airway, adequate breathing, and effective
circulation are paramount for immediate survival.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 117
Actual vs At Risk diagnosis
RESPONSE
actual has current diagnosis, at risk doesn't
RATIONALE
A nursing diagnosis labeled "actual" indicates a health problem that is currently present and has
supporting defining characteristics. In contrast, an "at risk" diagnosis signifies a vulnerability to
developing a problem, lacking current signs but possessing risk factors. This distinction guides the
timing and focus of nursing interventions.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 117
SOLER
Page 3
, RESPONSE
sit facing patient, open position, lean toward patient, eye contact, relax
RATIONALE
SOLER is a communication technique used to demonstrate active listening and attentiveness. It
involves nonverbal behaviors that convey engagement and respect towards the patient, fostering a
therapeutic relationship. These specific actions help establish rapport and encourage open
communication.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 117
non verbal therapeutic communication
RESPONSE
listening, silence, touch
RATIONALE
Therapeutic communication encompasses techniques that promote patient well-being. Active
listening involves attentive observation of both verbal and non-verbal cues. Strategic use of silence
can encourage reflection, while appropriate touch can convey empathy and support, all without
requiring spoken words.
Q8 QUESTION 8 OF 117
verbal therapeutic communication
RESPONSE
closed/open ended questions, restating, paraphrasing, clarifying, focusing
RATIONALE
Therapeutic communication techniques facilitate active listening and encourage patient
expression. Employing strategies such as closed/open-ended questions, restating, paraphrasing,
clarifying, and focusing helps gather comprehensive information and build rapport. These methods
ensure the nurse understands the patient's perspective and needs.
Page 4
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
NR 226 Final Review
2026/2027 | Nursing
Fundamentals Questions &
Answers | Updated
Comprehensive Exam
Review (Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales 117 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This comprehensive review document provides 117 nursing fundamentals questions with all
correct answers and detailed rationales. It is an invaluable resource for studying
foundational nursing concepts. Students can effectively use this material for exam
preparation, course review, and certification readiness.
TOPICS
• Nursing Process & Safety • Infection Control & Skin Integrity
• Vital Signs & Oxygenation • Elimination & Nutrition
• Medication Administration • Pain & Sleep
• Fluid & Electrolytes & Acid-Base
Page 1
, E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 117
ADPIE
RESPONSE
assessment, diagnosis, plan, implementation, evaluation
RATIONALE
The nursing process provides a systematic, patient-centered framework for providing care. This
cyclical process guides nurses through data collection, problem identification, goal setting, action,
and outcome appraisal. Its sequential steps ensure comprehensive and effective nursing
interventions.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 117
SMART goals
RESPONSE
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time bound
RATIONALE
The SMART goal framework provides a structured approach to setting objectives in healthcare.
Each component—specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound—ensures that goals
are clear, trackable, realistic, aligned with patient needs, and have defined endpoints for evaluation.
This methodology enhances the effectiveness of interventions and patient care plans.
Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 117
2017 National Patient Safety Goals
RESPONSE
improve accuracy of patient identification, improve staff communication, use medications
safely, prevent infection, identify patient safety risks, prevent surgery mistakes
Page 2
, RATIONALE
The National Patient Safety Goals are designed to promote specific improvements in patient safety.
These goals focus on critical areas such as accurate patient identification, effective communication
among healthcare providers, safe medication administration, and infection prevention. They also
address risk identification and the prevention of errors during surgical procedures.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 117
Prioritizing Client Care
RESPONSE
airway, breathing, circulation
RATIONALE
The ABCs are the foundational principles for prioritizing patient care in emergency and critical
situations. This hierarchical approach ensures that immediate life-sustaining functions are
addressed before other concerns. Maintaining a patent airway, adequate breathing, and effective
circulation are paramount for immediate survival.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 117
Actual vs At Risk diagnosis
RESPONSE
actual has current diagnosis, at risk doesn't
RATIONALE
A nursing diagnosis labeled "actual" indicates a health problem that is currently present and has
supporting defining characteristics. In contrast, an "at risk" diagnosis signifies a vulnerability to
developing a problem, lacking current signs but possessing risk factors. This distinction guides the
timing and focus of nursing interventions.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 117
SOLER
Page 3
, RESPONSE
sit facing patient, open position, lean toward patient, eye contact, relax
RATIONALE
SOLER is a communication technique used to demonstrate active listening and attentiveness. It
involves nonverbal behaviors that convey engagement and respect towards the patient, fostering a
therapeutic relationship. These specific actions help establish rapport and encourage open
communication.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 117
non verbal therapeutic communication
RESPONSE
listening, silence, touch
RATIONALE
Therapeutic communication encompasses techniques that promote patient well-being. Active
listening involves attentive observation of both verbal and non-verbal cues. Strategic use of silence
can encourage reflection, while appropriate touch can convey empathy and support, all without
requiring spoken words.
Q8 QUESTION 8 OF 117
verbal therapeutic communication
RESPONSE
closed/open ended questions, restating, paraphrasing, clarifying, focusing
RATIONALE
Therapeutic communication techniques facilitate active listening and encourage patient
expression. Employing strategies such as closed/open-ended questions, restating, paraphrasing,
clarifying, and focusing helps gather comprehensive information and build rapport. These methods
ensure the nurse understands the patient's perspective and needs.
Page 4
