NUR 221 EXAM 2 Latest Update 2025-2026
2. Minimal FHR variability: 1-5
5. What is Leopolds maneuver? Purpose: to determine presentation and position of fetus and aid
in knowing where to position FHR monitor
Method: explain procedure to pt, have woman empty bladder, wash hands, stand beside, facing wo man's head
4 maneuvers
6. What is normal FHR? 110-160
bpm newborn is the same
7. bradycardia FHR and causes: <110
bpm due to perfusion issues, body is in distress
8. Tachycardia FHR and causes: >160
bpm if mom is tachy too could be due to infection
9.
10. What is tachysystole?: greater than 5 contractions in 10 minutes and there is fetal tachycardia or
late decelerations late
11. When is the only time the baby is being perfused while in labor? at rest
(between contractions)
12. Frequency of contractions are measured from the...: peak of one con traction to the peak
of the next contraction (or beginning to beginning)
13. Duration of contractions are measured from the...: start to finish of one contraction
, NUR 221 EXAM 2 Latest Update 2025-2026
ong)
14. How can you tell the intensity of a contraction by feeling?: cheek= resting
nose= mild
chin= moderate
forehead= strong
15. What is TOCO?: For uterine activity palpate uterus for contraction
Apply over fundus- make sure there is contact
GOES ON TOP
tells frequency and duration of contractions
16. Accelerations in FHR: an apparent, abrupt increase in the FHR above baseline.
-Greater than or equal to 32 weeks gestation
-The increase from onset to peak in <30 seconds
-The peak must be at least 15 bpm and last at least 15 seconds
-If <32 weeks gestation at least 10 bpm for 10 seconds
This is a normal good finding... Just document and continue to monitor.
17. Early Decelerations - Fetal Heart Rate: have a shape that is symmetrical, with a gradual decrease
and return of FHR to baseline in association with a contraction
-Means Head compression-normal labor process
**gradual decrease
**mirror image of contraction
JUST OBSERVE-prepare for delivery, document normal labor
18. nadir: the lowest point after the onset of an early/late deceleration and variable
, NUR 221 EXAM 2 Latest Update 2025-2026
19. Late decelerations - Fetal Heart Rate: have a shape that is symmetrical. with a gradual decrease
and return of FHR to baseline in association with a contraction
-is usually due to uteroplacental insuflciency and fetal hypoxia
-Although acidosis is not always present, may be associated with fetal acidosis
(EMERGENCY, THIS IS THE WORST DECEL)
-Intervention: POISON
20. Variable decelerations- Fetal Heart Rate: are an abrupt onset of decreased FHR below baseline
that may occur with or after a contraction
-Is usually due to cord compression and may be associated with fetal acidosis.
Intervention- Put mom on left side. Administer 10 L O2 nonrebreather
21. sinusoidal pattern- Fetal Heart Rate: ditters from variability in that it is a smooth wave-like pattern
of regular frequency and amplitude.
-Has cycle frequency of 3-5 minutes and lasts for 20 minutes of longer.
Intervention- Deliver fetus
22. POISON stands for: P- position change (to left side)
O- oxytocin ott
I- increase IV rate (give extra fluids)
S- sterile vaginal exam
O- oxygen (10 L nonrebreather)
N- notify MD or CNM
23. Baseline FHR: Average FHR in 10 minute window. Does not include accelerations or decelerations and it must
be in between contractions. There must be at least 2 minutes of identifiable baseline.
24. Prolonged deceleration- Fetal heart rate: greater than 15 bpm and lasts 2 -10 minutes from
onset to return to baseline
-a prolonged decel that lasts >10 minutes is considered a change in baseline
25. Kick counts (fetal movement counting): How many kicks in a 1 hour period of time
should be the same time each day
should be after eating
2. Minimal FHR variability: 1-5
5. What is Leopolds maneuver? Purpose: to determine presentation and position of fetus and aid
in knowing where to position FHR monitor
Method: explain procedure to pt, have woman empty bladder, wash hands, stand beside, facing wo man's head
4 maneuvers
6. What is normal FHR? 110-160
bpm newborn is the same
7. bradycardia FHR and causes: <110
bpm due to perfusion issues, body is in distress
8. Tachycardia FHR and causes: >160
bpm if mom is tachy too could be due to infection
9.
10. What is tachysystole?: greater than 5 contractions in 10 minutes and there is fetal tachycardia or
late decelerations late
11. When is the only time the baby is being perfused while in labor? at rest
(between contractions)
12. Frequency of contractions are measured from the...: peak of one con traction to the peak
of the next contraction (or beginning to beginning)
13. Duration of contractions are measured from the...: start to finish of one contraction
, NUR 221 EXAM 2 Latest Update 2025-2026
ong)
14. How can you tell the intensity of a contraction by feeling?: cheek= resting
nose= mild
chin= moderate
forehead= strong
15. What is TOCO?: For uterine activity palpate uterus for contraction
Apply over fundus- make sure there is contact
GOES ON TOP
tells frequency and duration of contractions
16. Accelerations in FHR: an apparent, abrupt increase in the FHR above baseline.
-Greater than or equal to 32 weeks gestation
-The increase from onset to peak in <30 seconds
-The peak must be at least 15 bpm and last at least 15 seconds
-If <32 weeks gestation at least 10 bpm for 10 seconds
This is a normal good finding... Just document and continue to monitor.
17. Early Decelerations - Fetal Heart Rate: have a shape that is symmetrical, with a gradual decrease
and return of FHR to baseline in association with a contraction
-Means Head compression-normal labor process
**gradual decrease
**mirror image of contraction
JUST OBSERVE-prepare for delivery, document normal labor
18. nadir: the lowest point after the onset of an early/late deceleration and variable
, NUR 221 EXAM 2 Latest Update 2025-2026
19. Late decelerations - Fetal Heart Rate: have a shape that is symmetrical. with a gradual decrease
and return of FHR to baseline in association with a contraction
-is usually due to uteroplacental insuflciency and fetal hypoxia
-Although acidosis is not always present, may be associated with fetal acidosis
(EMERGENCY, THIS IS THE WORST DECEL)
-Intervention: POISON
20. Variable decelerations- Fetal Heart Rate: are an abrupt onset of decreased FHR below baseline
that may occur with or after a contraction
-Is usually due to cord compression and may be associated with fetal acidosis.
Intervention- Put mom on left side. Administer 10 L O2 nonrebreather
21. sinusoidal pattern- Fetal Heart Rate: ditters from variability in that it is a smooth wave-like pattern
of regular frequency and amplitude.
-Has cycle frequency of 3-5 minutes and lasts for 20 minutes of longer.
Intervention- Deliver fetus
22. POISON stands for: P- position change (to left side)
O- oxytocin ott
I- increase IV rate (give extra fluids)
S- sterile vaginal exam
O- oxygen (10 L nonrebreather)
N- notify MD or CNM
23. Baseline FHR: Average FHR in 10 minute window. Does not include accelerations or decelerations and it must
be in between contractions. There must be at least 2 minutes of identifiable baseline.
24. Prolonged deceleration- Fetal heart rate: greater than 15 bpm and lasts 2 -10 minutes from
onset to return to baseline
-a prolonged decel that lasts >10 minutes is considered a change in baseline
25. Kick counts (fetal movement counting): How many kicks in a 1 hour period of time
should be the same time each day
should be after eating
