BIOD 101 Final Exam – Essential Biology I w/Lab (Portage Learning)
(2026) Actual Questions with Verified Answers | Take & Pass the
Exam
Questions 1–259
1. An atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number?
A) 12
B) 6
C) 18
D) 6
Answer B: 6
Rationale: The atomic number equals the number of protons, which defines the element.
2. An atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its mass number?
A) 12
B) 6
C) 18
D) 6
Answer A: 12
Rationale: The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons (6 + 6 = 12).
3. Which subatomic particle carries a positive charge?
A) Electron
B) Neutron
C) Proton
D) Positron
Answer C: Proton
Rationale: Protons are positively charged; electrons are negatively charged; neutrons are neutral.
,4. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Van der Waals interaction
Answer C: Covalent bond
Rationale: Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.
5. Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Van der Waals interaction
Answer A: Ionic bond
Rationale: Ionic bonds form when one atom donates electrons to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
6. Which of the following elements is the most abundant in living organisms?
A) Nitrogen
B) Carbon
C) Hydrogen
D) Oxygen
Answer B: Carbon
Rationale: Carbon is the backbone of organic molecules due to its ability to form four stable covalent bonds.
7. Water is a polar molecule because:
A) It has a linear shape
B) The oxygen atom is more electronegative, creating partial charges
C) It forms hydrogen bonds
D) It is non-polar
Answer B: The oxygen atom is more electronegative, creating partial charges
Rationale: Oxygen's higher electronegativity pulls electrons toward it, creating a partial negative charge on
oxygen and partial positive charges on hydrogens.
,8. Which property of water allows it to resist temperature changes?
A) Cohesion
B) Adhesion
C) High specific heat
D) Universal solvent
Answer C: High specific heat
Rationale: Water's high specific heat means it absorbs or releases large amounts of heat with minimal
temperature change.
9. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
Answer B: 7
Rationale: pH 7 is neutral, with equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.
10. A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:
A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Basic
D) Alkaline
Answer B: Acidic
Rationale: pH < 7 indicates acidic conditions with higher H⁺ concentration.
11. The monomer of carbohydrates is:
A) Amino acid
B) Monosaccharide
C) Nucleotide
D) Fatty acid
Answer B: Monosaccharide
Rationale: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose) are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
, 12. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
j j j j j j j
A) Glucose
j
B) Fructose
j
C) Starch
j
D) Sucrose
j
Answer C: Starch j j
Rationale: Starch is a polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers.
j j j j j j j j j
13. The monomer of proteins is:
j j j j j
A) Amino acid
j j
B) Monosaccharide
j
C) Nucleotide
j
D) Glycerol
j
Answer A: Amino acid
j j j
Rationale: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked by peptide bonds.
j j j j j j j j j j j j
14. The monomer of nucleic acids is:
j j j j j j
A) Amino acid
j j
B) Monosaccharide
j
C) Nucleotide
j
D) Fatty acid
j j
Answer C: Nucleotide
j j
Rationale: Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
j j j j j j j j j
15. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
j j j j j j j j j j
A) Catalyzing reactions
j j
B) Transporting molecules
j j
C) Storing genetic information
j j j
D) Storing genetic information
j j j
Answer D: Storing genetic information
j j j j
Rationale: Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) store genetic information; proteins have diverse other functions.
j j j j j j j j j j j
(2026) Actual Questions with Verified Answers | Take & Pass the
Exam
Questions 1–259
1. An atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number?
A) 12
B) 6
C) 18
D) 6
Answer B: 6
Rationale: The atomic number equals the number of protons, which defines the element.
2. An atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its mass number?
A) 12
B) 6
C) 18
D) 6
Answer A: 12
Rationale: The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons (6 + 6 = 12).
3. Which subatomic particle carries a positive charge?
A) Electron
B) Neutron
C) Proton
D) Positron
Answer C: Proton
Rationale: Protons are positively charged; electrons are negatively charged; neutrons are neutral.
,4. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Van der Waals interaction
Answer C: Covalent bond
Rationale: Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.
5. Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Van der Waals interaction
Answer A: Ionic bond
Rationale: Ionic bonds form when one atom donates electrons to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
6. Which of the following elements is the most abundant in living organisms?
A) Nitrogen
B) Carbon
C) Hydrogen
D) Oxygen
Answer B: Carbon
Rationale: Carbon is the backbone of organic molecules due to its ability to form four stable covalent bonds.
7. Water is a polar molecule because:
A) It has a linear shape
B) The oxygen atom is more electronegative, creating partial charges
C) It forms hydrogen bonds
D) It is non-polar
Answer B: The oxygen atom is more electronegative, creating partial charges
Rationale: Oxygen's higher electronegativity pulls electrons toward it, creating a partial negative charge on
oxygen and partial positive charges on hydrogens.
,8. Which property of water allows it to resist temperature changes?
A) Cohesion
B) Adhesion
C) High specific heat
D) Universal solvent
Answer C: High specific heat
Rationale: Water's high specific heat means it absorbs or releases large amounts of heat with minimal
temperature change.
9. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
Answer B: 7
Rationale: pH 7 is neutral, with equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.
10. A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:
A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Basic
D) Alkaline
Answer B: Acidic
Rationale: pH < 7 indicates acidic conditions with higher H⁺ concentration.
11. The monomer of carbohydrates is:
A) Amino acid
B) Monosaccharide
C) Nucleotide
D) Fatty acid
Answer B: Monosaccharide
Rationale: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose) are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
, 12. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
j j j j j j j
A) Glucose
j
B) Fructose
j
C) Starch
j
D) Sucrose
j
Answer C: Starch j j
Rationale: Starch is a polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers.
j j j j j j j j j
13. The monomer of proteins is:
j j j j j
A) Amino acid
j j
B) Monosaccharide
j
C) Nucleotide
j
D) Glycerol
j
Answer A: Amino acid
j j j
Rationale: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked by peptide bonds.
j j j j j j j j j j j j
14. The monomer of nucleic acids is:
j j j j j j
A) Amino acid
j j
B) Monosaccharide
j
C) Nucleotide
j
D) Fatty acid
j j
Answer C: Nucleotide
j j
Rationale: Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
j j j j j j j j j
15. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
j j j j j j j j j j
A) Catalyzing reactions
j j
B) Transporting molecules
j j
C) Storing genetic information
j j j
D) Storing genetic information
j j j
Answer D: Storing genetic information
j j j j
Rationale: Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) store genetic information; proteins have diverse other functions.
j j j j j j j j j j j
