ADVANCED PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ALL
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE LATEST UPDATED 2026/2027 BEST
GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
mesolimbic pathway
from VTA to nucleus accumbens in the limbic system
mesocortical pathway
from VTA to prefrontal cortex
Nigrostriatal pathway
from dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra to the basal
ganglia/striatum
Tuberoinfundibular pathway
from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary
normal male and female prolactin levels
male: 0 to 20
female: 0 to 25
Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia
sexual dysfunction, acne, infertility, galactorrhea
female: menstrual irregularities, hirsutism
male: oligospermia, gynecomastia
Longer-term health consequences: osteoporosis/reduced bone density,
fractures, weight gain
Management of hyperprolacinemia
Watch and wait
switch antipsychotic
, ADVANCED PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ALL
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE LATEST UPDATED 2026/2027 BEST
GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
discontinue antipsychotic
reduce antipsychotic dose
add aripiprazole
add dopamine agonist
add peony-glycyrrhiza decoction
When to enlist the help of endocrinologist for prolactin level?
if above 100 or using hormone therapy for hyperprolactinemia
when to use caution with prolactin-raising agents
women planning for pregnancy, history of hormone dependent breast
cancer, women of child bearing age, history of osteoporosis
Who may be good candidate for LAIs?
1) those in period of transition
2) those who prefer LAIs
3) those with medication adherence issues
4) first-episode psychosis
Side effects associated with first-generation antipsychotics
sedation
tardive dyskinesia
EPS
hyper-salivation (can use atropine or ipratropium as treatment options)
Symptom management
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE LATEST UPDATED 2026/2027 BEST
GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
mesolimbic pathway
from VTA to nucleus accumbens in the limbic system
mesocortical pathway
from VTA to prefrontal cortex
Nigrostriatal pathway
from dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra to the basal
ganglia/striatum
Tuberoinfundibular pathway
from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary
normal male and female prolactin levels
male: 0 to 20
female: 0 to 25
Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia
sexual dysfunction, acne, infertility, galactorrhea
female: menstrual irregularities, hirsutism
male: oligospermia, gynecomastia
Longer-term health consequences: osteoporosis/reduced bone density,
fractures, weight gain
Management of hyperprolacinemia
Watch and wait
switch antipsychotic
, ADVANCED PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ALL
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE LATEST UPDATED 2026/2027 BEST
GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
discontinue antipsychotic
reduce antipsychotic dose
add aripiprazole
add dopamine agonist
add peony-glycyrrhiza decoction
When to enlist the help of endocrinologist for prolactin level?
if above 100 or using hormone therapy for hyperprolactinemia
when to use caution with prolactin-raising agents
women planning for pregnancy, history of hormone dependent breast
cancer, women of child bearing age, history of osteoporosis
Who may be good candidate for LAIs?
1) those in period of transition
2) those who prefer LAIs
3) those with medication adherence issues
4) first-episode psychosis
Side effects associated with first-generation antipsychotics
sedation
tardive dyskinesia
EPS
hyper-salivation (can use atropine or ipratropium as treatment options)
Symptom management
