COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
ATI
COMPREHENSIVE
PART 2
Review Notes
CORE CONCEPTS CLINICAL TOPICS STUDY GUIDE
Focused review Organized notes Part 2
ATI Comprehensive Review
, MMGDDBM.BG
Nervous
ICPs Normal ICP = 10-15 mmHg
Increased ICP irritable, restless, eadache, decreased level of consciousness, pupil abnormalities, abnormal
breathing/posturing
Interventions to decrease ICPs are hyperventilate (decrease CO2), avoid suctioning/agitation, maintain HOB 30*
Cushing’s Triad: late sign of IICP — bradycardia, hypertensive, wide pulse pressure, cheyne stokes
Detached retina floating dark dots/spots & curtain
Eyes Macular Degeneration Loss of CENTRAL VISION; blurred vision & blindness (Mac - think of the Apple
on a Mac, it’s in the center)
Cataracts Cloudy - Opacity in lens, impairs vision (decrease visual acuity, progressive/painless loss of
vision, double vision, halo around lights, photosensitivity, absent red reflex)
Glaucoma increased intraocular pressure due to issue w/ optic nerve; Leading cause of blindness
coma for common
Open-angle glaucoma: loss of PERIPHERAL VISION. Mild eye pain
Em3 *illustration
purposes only to
Detached Mac Cataracts Open-angle glaucoma
' help you remember* '
www ¥÷É¥¥¥¥¥÷¥÷÷÷¥¥¥ ¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥F¥¥¥ i¥¥¥¥E¥÷¥%¥¥¥ %¥¥EÉ¥¥¥¥¥¥¥
⇐ ⇐*÷ ?÷ ¥
Ischemic
Strokes Thrombotic stroke = Blood clot in cerebral artery
Embolic = Blood clot from other part of the body
that traveled to cerebral artery
I
tPa within 3-4.5 hrs of onset of S/S
→
Eat
Hemorrhagic Suspect Stroke?
Immediate CT scan
Bleeding, ruptured artery, aneurysm
Right Side (creative): visual spatial, left hemianopsia, one side neglect
. Left Side (logic): expressive aphasia (frontal), right hemiplegia, one side neglect
Tyramine foods trigger migraines (aged cheese, sausage,
GCS Eyes, Verbal, and Motor
Migraines hot dogs, deli meats, wine)
Avoid feverfew for migraines
Seizures turn to side, loosen clothing, time it RNCLEX
2
, Lumbar Puncture Position = Lateral recumbent w/ knees flexed or sitting
⇐*±E¥
CSF
Lay flat after procedure
Cloudy CSF = Bacteria
Clear CSF = Viral
Diseases Meningitis VACCINE! hib for infants, Meningoccal for college students and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
(PPSV) for older adults
S/S: stiff neck, + Brudzinski sign, + Kernig sign
Parkinson’s Disease Too little dopamine, too much acetylcholine 4 main s/s are tremor, muscle rigidity,
bradykinesia, postural instability
y
Multiple Sclerosis
autoimmune, plaque in white matter of brain, periods of relapsing and remitting
Diagnosis: MRI to see plaque
Medications immunosuppressant and steroid
MUSCLE WEAKNESS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
S/S deterioration and death of motor neurons, progressive paralysis, no affect on cognitive function
Unknown Cause, No cure, Death within 3-5 years due to respiratory failure
Myasthenia Gravis
S/S: muscle weakness improves wit rest, periods of exacerbation and remission
Diagnosis: Administer Edrophonium ( Acetylcholine levels for use). If muscle strength improves - it is MG
Atropine is the antidote for Edrophonium
Medications: Anticholinesterace/ Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Pyridostigmine/Neostigmine,
Myasthenic Crisis = too little Acetylcholine, everything is weak, pt is hypertensive, under medicated
Cholinergic Crisis = too much Acetylcholine, hypermotility, hypersecretions, hypotension, give anticholinergic med
(atropine)
Autonomic dysreflexia For injuries above T6
Sx: extreme HTN, bradycardia, severe headache, blurred vision, diaphoresis, flushed skin
DYS AUTOmatically gives me a HA
Nursing: determine cause - something is agitating/making them mad, do they have to poop? Pee?
RNCLEX
3
ATI
COMPREHENSIVE
PART 2
Review Notes
CORE CONCEPTS CLINICAL TOPICS STUDY GUIDE
Focused review Organized notes Part 2
ATI Comprehensive Review
, MMGDDBM.BG
Nervous
ICPs Normal ICP = 10-15 mmHg
Increased ICP irritable, restless, eadache, decreased level of consciousness, pupil abnormalities, abnormal
breathing/posturing
Interventions to decrease ICPs are hyperventilate (decrease CO2), avoid suctioning/agitation, maintain HOB 30*
Cushing’s Triad: late sign of IICP — bradycardia, hypertensive, wide pulse pressure, cheyne stokes
Detached retina floating dark dots/spots & curtain
Eyes Macular Degeneration Loss of CENTRAL VISION; blurred vision & blindness (Mac - think of the Apple
on a Mac, it’s in the center)
Cataracts Cloudy - Opacity in lens, impairs vision (decrease visual acuity, progressive/painless loss of
vision, double vision, halo around lights, photosensitivity, absent red reflex)
Glaucoma increased intraocular pressure due to issue w/ optic nerve; Leading cause of blindness
coma for common
Open-angle glaucoma: loss of PERIPHERAL VISION. Mild eye pain
Em3 *illustration
purposes only to
Detached Mac Cataracts Open-angle glaucoma
' help you remember* '
www ¥÷É¥¥¥¥¥÷¥÷÷÷¥¥¥ ¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥F¥¥¥ i¥¥¥¥E¥÷¥%¥¥¥ %¥¥EÉ¥¥¥¥¥¥¥
⇐ ⇐*÷ ?÷ ¥
Ischemic
Strokes Thrombotic stroke = Blood clot in cerebral artery
Embolic = Blood clot from other part of the body
that traveled to cerebral artery
I
tPa within 3-4.5 hrs of onset of S/S
→
Eat
Hemorrhagic Suspect Stroke?
Immediate CT scan
Bleeding, ruptured artery, aneurysm
Right Side (creative): visual spatial, left hemianopsia, one side neglect
. Left Side (logic): expressive aphasia (frontal), right hemiplegia, one side neglect
Tyramine foods trigger migraines (aged cheese, sausage,
GCS Eyes, Verbal, and Motor
Migraines hot dogs, deli meats, wine)
Avoid feverfew for migraines
Seizures turn to side, loosen clothing, time it RNCLEX
2
, Lumbar Puncture Position = Lateral recumbent w/ knees flexed or sitting
⇐*±E¥
CSF
Lay flat after procedure
Cloudy CSF = Bacteria
Clear CSF = Viral
Diseases Meningitis VACCINE! hib for infants, Meningoccal for college students and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
(PPSV) for older adults
S/S: stiff neck, + Brudzinski sign, + Kernig sign
Parkinson’s Disease Too little dopamine, too much acetylcholine 4 main s/s are tremor, muscle rigidity,
bradykinesia, postural instability
y
Multiple Sclerosis
autoimmune, plaque in white matter of brain, periods of relapsing and remitting
Diagnosis: MRI to see plaque
Medications immunosuppressant and steroid
MUSCLE WEAKNESS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
S/S deterioration and death of motor neurons, progressive paralysis, no affect on cognitive function
Unknown Cause, No cure, Death within 3-5 years due to respiratory failure
Myasthenia Gravis
S/S: muscle weakness improves wit rest, periods of exacerbation and remission
Diagnosis: Administer Edrophonium ( Acetylcholine levels for use). If muscle strength improves - it is MG
Atropine is the antidote for Edrophonium
Medications: Anticholinesterace/ Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Pyridostigmine/Neostigmine,
Myasthenic Crisis = too little Acetylcholine, everything is weak, pt is hypertensive, under medicated
Cholinergic Crisis = too much Acetylcholine, hypermotility, hypersecretions, hypotension, give anticholinergic med
(atropine)
Autonomic dysreflexia For injuries above T6
Sx: extreme HTN, bradycardia, severe headache, blurred vision, diaphoresis, flushed skin
DYS AUTOmatically gives me a HA
Nursing: determine cause - something is agitating/making them mad, do they have to poop? Pee?
RNCLEX
3
