Psych 100 exam 3 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027

Psych 100 exam 3 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Personality
Answer: a set of consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that explain why
different
people react differently to the same situations

Question: Psychoanalytic approach to personality (Freud)
Answer: Ego, Superego (good angel on your shoulder), and Id (bad angel on your shoulder)
- The conscious mind iceberg theory goes into the preconscious mind and, lastly, the
unconscious mind.
Ego, Superego, and Id

Question: What are the ego defense mechanisms?
Answer: Displacement, projection, sublimation, repression, and denial

Question: What is displacement in psychology?
Answer: Taking your anger out on someone else

Question: Give an example of displacement.
Answer: Having a bad day at work and taking it out on your roommate.

Question: What is projection in ego defense mechanisms?
Answer: Seeing your feelings or traits in others.

Question: Give an example of projection.
Answer: Thinking your boyfriend is cheating on you because you are cheating on him.

Question: What is sublimation in psychology?
Answer: Satisfying an impulse in an acceptable way.

Question: Give an example of sublimation.
Answer: A person who has a desire to cut into people decides to become a coroner or surgeon.

Question: Ego defense mechanisms- Repression
Answer: Pushing away unwanted thoughts or feelings

Question: What is denial in the context of ego defense mechanisms?
Answer: Refusing to acknowledge a threat is happening.

Question: Give an example of denial as an ego defense mechanism.
Answer: Saying 'I'm so great and nothing is wrong' while your house is burning down.

,Question: Important Contributions of Freud
Answer: He gave way to unconscious thoughts, the importance of early development, mind/
body
connection, and therapy through talking.

Question: Important Critiques of Freud
Answer: He had no scientific basis, was not testable, had a strange emphasis on sexual urges,
and
some bizarrely sexist ideas

Question: trait approach
Answer: An approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in
personality
dispositions

Question: Functional equivalence
Answer: Personality can be described as a tendency to interpret situations differently
Example: Extroverts would see the world as sitting in a coffee shop as a way to talk to
new people, versus an Introvert would see it as a quiet place to think

Question: Big 5 (five-factor model) OCEAN
Answer: Openness (to new experiences), Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness,
Neuroticism.
Most widely accepted model of personality

Question: Openness
Answer: Imaginative, curious, appreciates art/travel,

Question: Conscientiousness
Answer: careful, responsible, organized, productive

Question: Extroversion
Answer: social, outgoing, energetic, love talking to others

Question: Agreeableness
Answer: easy-going, trusting, compassionate

Question: Neuroticism
Answer: emotionally volatile, easily upset, anxious, sad

Question: Meyers Briggs-personality type
Answer: Very popular in everyday life but IS NOT REAL. its psudoscinece (popular fake news)
because it isn't a valid measurement of personality.

,Question: Stability of personality
Answer: - Personality tends to be quite stable over time. Your relative rank on these traits will
be
largely stable. Personality can and does change over time through aging, etc
(You rank higher extroverted in the family, and in other spaces you will still be ranked as
more extroverted)

Question: Cultural difference in personality
Answer: Big 5 is based towards western industrialed understanding (WEIRD)
Interpersonal relatedness = emphasizing harmony and tradition appeared in the Chinese
sample, but not in the Big-5
Americans and Canadians look very similar on the Big-5, contradicting stereotypes about
either group

Question: Heritability of Personality
Answer: Twin studies help us answer this
- If identical twins have more similar personalities than fraternal twins, that would indicate
that genetics->personality
- 40%-50% of personality differences between people are due to genetics

Question: Challenge with Twin Studies
Answer: Identical twins might share more environmental effects than faternal
1. People might treat identical twins identically
2. Identical twins genetic might lead them to seek out the same experiences
3. AND remember epigenetics? genes and environment interact

Question: What is a critique of trait approaches to personality regarding
behavior prediction?
Answer: Personality doesn't always predict behavior (r=.30)

Question: What is a context-related critique of trait approaches to
personality?
Answer: Some behaviors are context-specific.

Question: What is a critique regarding the categorization of individuals in
trait approaches?
Answer: Perhaps we are too eager to place people in boxes.

Question: How did personality psychologists defend their approach
against critiques from social psychologists?
Answer: They said social psychologists are too focused on the situation.

, Question: Reciprocal determinism
Answer: Different kinds of people end up in different situations because of differences in
cognition
Example: someone makes a critical comment. How do you respond? Take it well and
thank them, or act aggressively and be mean.




Question: Locus of Control (LOC)
Answer: A person's perception of what determines their outcomes
Two types: Internal locus of control and External locus of control (varies from person to
person and situation to situation)

Question: Internal Locus of Control
Answer: The perception that you control your own fate
- I am in control of what happens to me; my life outcomes are because of the things I've
done: I failed the exam because I didn't study enough

Question: External Locus of Control
Answer: Refers to when consumers believe that fate or other external factors control all
outcomes
- Luck and fate control what happens to me: I failed my exam because the class is unfair

Question: Who is right? Internal LOC or External LOC?
Answer: Belief in control is often naive, but often adaptive (better outcomes)
- Depression Realisms: people with depression tend to lack the optimistic illusion of
control

Question: learned helplessness
Answer: a learned belief that your behavior does not affect the outcomes

Question: Seligman and Maier (1967)
Answer: Study demonstrating learned helplessness in dogs.
Part 1 of the study:• Group 1: no shock• Group 2: shocked but could press a lever to end
shock • Group 3: shocked but the lever did nothing
Part 2 of the study: all dogs were put in a shuttle box. Group 3 just sat there, passively
accepting shock, even though they could just jump over the barrier to escape. They had
learned helplessness.

Question: Gender and Personality
Answer: Gender expression has been correlated with two distinct dimensions
Masculinity -> agency
Femininity -> Communion