Classics 2902 Midterm #2 | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Question:
Types of surgery (6)
Answer:
Fractures (HC), Rhinoplasty, ear, throat surgery; urinary, fistula, tumors, etc. in Sushruta
Samhita, Eye surgery, Combat wounds, Surgery relating to female reproduction, Dental
surgery, dental bridgework
Question:
Known surgeons
Answer:
Erasistratus
Philoxenus
Ammonius
Question:
Erasistratus
Answer:
(3rd c BCE, Alexandria): competent surgeon, esp. abdominal
Question:
Philoxenus
Answer:
(fl. 75-50 BCE): expert for tumors
Question:
Ammonius
Answer:
(3rd c BCE, Alexandria): method for crushing bladder stones
Question:
Attitudes towards surgery
, Answer:
Celsus (1st c CE): "to lay open the bodies of men whilst still alive is as cruel as it is
needless."
Question:
Ideal surgeon acc. to Celsus:
Answer:
Manual dexterity and firm resolve
Question:
Surgery
Answer:
Infrequent, Last resort and no guarantee for success, Incomplete and faulty knowledge
of anatomy, Limited anesthetics: opium poppy & henbane as sedatives and painkillers,
Henbane: mild narcotic, belladonna family, Opium poppy = wild poppy; cultivated poppy
(papaver somniferum) known and prescribed despite awareness of potential addiction,
White mandrake as sleeping draught
Question:
Surgery: highlights over time
Answer:
SPEED!!! Speed limits quality of surgery
Question:
Robert Liston (19th c):
Answer:
removed bladder stone in 2 minutes
Question:
William Cheselden (18th c):
Answer:
removed bladder stone in 1 minute
Question:
, Surgeon of Liston's time:
Answer:
"speedy" leg amputation + 1 testicle + 2 assistant's fingers (HOW??)
Question:
Limitations
Answer:
Lack of antiseptics: honey, pitch, turpentine, wine, vinegar
Sepsis
Partial understanding of hygienic practices
Question:
Requirements & Tools (5)
Answer:
1. Light, space, assistants, apparatus, instruments,
2. Surgical instruments (1st c CE): mostly Pompeii & Herculaneum; military hospitals,
3. Copper & copper alloys; some exquisitely decorated,
4. Best quality steel: Alpine province of Noricum (Galen),
5. Instrumentarium: scalpels (iron blade, bronze handle), forceps, hooks, probes,
retractors
Question:
Types of Anesthesia (4)
Answer:
Physical, ingestion/inhalation, psychological, known drugs
Question:
Physical Anesthesia (4)
Answer:
1. Knock-out method (e.g. Imperial China)
2. Fülöp-Miller: Loret's excavations: depictions of peripheral nerve compression
3. Compression of jugular veins
4. Artificial bleeding
Answers
Question:
Types of surgery (6)
Answer:
Fractures (HC), Rhinoplasty, ear, throat surgery; urinary, fistula, tumors, etc. in Sushruta
Samhita, Eye surgery, Combat wounds, Surgery relating to female reproduction, Dental
surgery, dental bridgework
Question:
Known surgeons
Answer:
Erasistratus
Philoxenus
Ammonius
Question:
Erasistratus
Answer:
(3rd c BCE, Alexandria): competent surgeon, esp. abdominal
Question:
Philoxenus
Answer:
(fl. 75-50 BCE): expert for tumors
Question:
Ammonius
Answer:
(3rd c BCE, Alexandria): method for crushing bladder stones
Question:
Attitudes towards surgery
, Answer:
Celsus (1st c CE): "to lay open the bodies of men whilst still alive is as cruel as it is
needless."
Question:
Ideal surgeon acc. to Celsus:
Answer:
Manual dexterity and firm resolve
Question:
Surgery
Answer:
Infrequent, Last resort and no guarantee for success, Incomplete and faulty knowledge
of anatomy, Limited anesthetics: opium poppy & henbane as sedatives and painkillers,
Henbane: mild narcotic, belladonna family, Opium poppy = wild poppy; cultivated poppy
(papaver somniferum) known and prescribed despite awareness of potential addiction,
White mandrake as sleeping draught
Question:
Surgery: highlights over time
Answer:
SPEED!!! Speed limits quality of surgery
Question:
Robert Liston (19th c):
Answer:
removed bladder stone in 2 minutes
Question:
William Cheselden (18th c):
Answer:
removed bladder stone in 1 minute
Question:
, Surgeon of Liston's time:
Answer:
"speedy" leg amputation + 1 testicle + 2 assistant's fingers (HOW??)
Question:
Limitations
Answer:
Lack of antiseptics: honey, pitch, turpentine, wine, vinegar
Sepsis
Partial understanding of hygienic practices
Question:
Requirements & Tools (5)
Answer:
1. Light, space, assistants, apparatus, instruments,
2. Surgical instruments (1st c CE): mostly Pompeii & Herculaneum; military hospitals,
3. Copper & copper alloys; some exquisitely decorated,
4. Best quality steel: Alpine province of Noricum (Galen),
5. Instrumentarium: scalpels (iron blade, bronze handle), forceps, hooks, probes,
retractors
Question:
Types of Anesthesia (4)
Answer:
Physical, ingestion/inhalation, psychological, known drugs
Question:
Physical Anesthesia (4)
Answer:
1. Knock-out method (e.g. Imperial China)
2. Fülöp-Miller: Loret's excavations: depictions of peripheral nerve compression
3. Compression of jugular veins
4. Artificial bleeding
