NSG 552 Stahl Chapter 6 study guide exams with correct solutions

Stahl Chapter 6 High-Yield One-Page Study Outline
Mood Disorders and the Neurotransmitter Networks: Norepinephrine and
GABA


Core Concept
Mood disorders result from dysfunction within interconnected
neurotransmitter networks, particularly:
 Norepinephrine (NE)
 Serotonin (5HT)
 Dopamine (DA)
 GABA
 Glutamate
Key Stahl Concept
Depression is not simply a serotonin deficiency.
Mood disorders involve dysregulation of entire neurotransmitter networks
that affect mood, energy, cognition, motivation, sleep, and anxiety.


Norepinephrine (NE) System
Primary Source
Locus Coeruleus
Located in the pons and projects throughout the brain.
Functions:
 Alertness
 Attention
 Energy
 Vigilance
 Concentration
 Stress response


Low Norepinephrine
Associated with:

,  Fatigue
 Low energy
 Poor concentration
 Reduced motivation
 Psychomotor slowing
 Impaired attention
Depression Symptoms Most Associated with NE Deficiency
 Low energy
 Fatigue
 Poor focus
 Cognitive dysfunction


Excess Norepinephrine
Associated with:
 Anxiety
 Panic
 Hypervigilance
 Insomnia
 Agitation
Board Pearl
Too little NE = depression
Too much NE = anxiety


Norepinephrine Receptors
Alpha-1 Receptors
Activation:
 Alertness
 Wakefulness
Blockade:
 Orthostatic hypotension