NRMS 5190 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2 Study Guide SUNY Downstate
Medical Center Questions with Verified
Answers & Detailed Rationales 2026/27
EXAM OVERVIEW
| Detail | Information |
||--|
| Course | NRMS 5190: Advanced
Pathophysiology |
| Institution | SUNY Downstate Medical
Center |
| Exam | Exam 2 |
| Format | Multiple choice, SATA, clinical
scenarios |
1
,| Key Topics | Cardiovascular, Respiratory,
Renal, Endocrine, Gastrointestinal
Pathophysiology |
| Source | Verified student exam compilations,
2025/2026 Updates |
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Questions 1-50)
1. A patient with chronic hypertension
develops left ventricular hypertrophy. This is
an example of:
A) Physiologic hypertrophy
B) Pathologic hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Atrophy
2
,Answer: B
Rationale: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in
response to increased workload due to disease
states such as hypertension. Unlike
physiologic hypertrophy (e.g., from exercise),
pathologic hypertrophy increases the risk of
heart failure and arrhythmias.
2. Which compensatory mechanism is
activated in heart failure to maintain cardiac
output?
A) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS)
3
, B) Sympathetic nervous system
C) Natriuretic peptides
D) Both A and B
Answer: D
Rationale: In heart failure, both RAAS and the
sympathetic nervous system are activated to
maintain cardiac output. RAAS causes
vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention;
sympathetic activation increases heart rate and
contractility.
3. A patient with heart failure has an S3 gallop,
crackles, and elevated JVP. Which medication
reduces mortality in HFrEF?
4
Exam 2 Study Guide SUNY Downstate
Medical Center Questions with Verified
Answers & Detailed Rationales 2026/27
EXAM OVERVIEW
| Detail | Information |
||--|
| Course | NRMS 5190: Advanced
Pathophysiology |
| Institution | SUNY Downstate Medical
Center |
| Exam | Exam 2 |
| Format | Multiple choice, SATA, clinical
scenarios |
1
,| Key Topics | Cardiovascular, Respiratory,
Renal, Endocrine, Gastrointestinal
Pathophysiology |
| Source | Verified student exam compilations,
2025/2026 Updates |
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Questions 1-50)
1. A patient with chronic hypertension
develops left ventricular hypertrophy. This is
an example of:
A) Physiologic hypertrophy
B) Pathologic hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Atrophy
2
,Answer: B
Rationale: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in
response to increased workload due to disease
states such as hypertension. Unlike
physiologic hypertrophy (e.g., from exercise),
pathologic hypertrophy increases the risk of
heart failure and arrhythmias.
2. Which compensatory mechanism is
activated in heart failure to maintain cardiac
output?
A) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS)
3
, B) Sympathetic nervous system
C) Natriuretic peptides
D) Both A and B
Answer: D
Rationale: In heart failure, both RAAS and the
sympathetic nervous system are activated to
maintain cardiac output. RAAS causes
vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention;
sympathetic activation increases heart rate and
contractility.
3. A patient with heart failure has an S3 gallop,
crackles, and elevated JVP. Which medication
reduces mortality in HFrEF?
4
