1. Define Proposition: A statement that can be true or false. EX: Lunch is the most
important meal of the day.
2. Define Non-proposition: Sentences that cannot be true or false. EX: Let's go to lunch.
3. Define Complex Proposition: composed of simple propositions. To determine
whether a complex proposition is true or not, we have to look at its component parts (at its simple
propositions). In other words, complex propositions have an internal logical structure. EX: I am hungry
and I want to go to lunch. "I am hungry. I want to go to lunch."
4. Define Argument: An inference from at least one premise to a conclusion. All sentences in
an argument
are propositions. The conclusion is drawn by assuming the truth of the premise(s). EX: Apples are
healthy. Therefore, you should eat apples.
5. Define Premise: A proposition that supports the conclusion.
6. Define Conclusion: The proposition that is being supported by a premise or by multiple
premises.
7. Deductive Argument: An argument that is meant to provide decisive support for its
conclusion. In other words, in a deductive argument, the conclusion is intended to follow necessarily
from its premises. EX: If someone eats apples, then they will be healthy. Bo eats apples. Therefore, Bo
will be healthy.
8. Inductive argument: An inductive argument is an argument that is meant to provide
probable support
for its conclusion. In other words, in an inductive argument, the conclusion is intended to follow as a
matter of chance or probability. EX: 72% of survey respondents liked the apples. From this we can infer
that the majority of Americans like these apples.
9. Define Valid: A deductive argument is sound if it is valid and it has true premises
10. Define Invalid: A deductive argument is invalid if we assume that the premises are true
and the conclusion does NOT follow necessarily
11. Define Sound: A deductive argument is sound if it is valid and it has true premises.
12. Define Unsound: A deductive argument is unsound if it is invalid or if it is a valid
argument with at least one false premise.
13. Define strong: An inductive argument is strong if we assume that the premises are
true and the conclusion is likely or probable (likely or probable means that the probability is more
that 50% but less than 100%).
14. Define weak: An inductive argument is weak if we assume that the premises are true and
, the conclusion is NOT likely or probable (likely or probable means that the probability is less that
50%).
15. Define Cogent: An inductive argument is cogent if it is strong and it has true
premises.
16. Define uncogent: An inductive argument is uncogent if it weak or if it is strong
argument but it has at least one false premise.
important meal of the day.
2. Define Non-proposition: Sentences that cannot be true or false. EX: Let's go to lunch.
3. Define Complex Proposition: composed of simple propositions. To determine
whether a complex proposition is true or not, we have to look at its component parts (at its simple
propositions). In other words, complex propositions have an internal logical structure. EX: I am hungry
and I want to go to lunch. "I am hungry. I want to go to lunch."
4. Define Argument: An inference from at least one premise to a conclusion. All sentences in
an argument
are propositions. The conclusion is drawn by assuming the truth of the premise(s). EX: Apples are
healthy. Therefore, you should eat apples.
5. Define Premise: A proposition that supports the conclusion.
6. Define Conclusion: The proposition that is being supported by a premise or by multiple
premises.
7. Deductive Argument: An argument that is meant to provide decisive support for its
conclusion. In other words, in a deductive argument, the conclusion is intended to follow necessarily
from its premises. EX: If someone eats apples, then they will be healthy. Bo eats apples. Therefore, Bo
will be healthy.
8. Inductive argument: An inductive argument is an argument that is meant to provide
probable support
for its conclusion. In other words, in an inductive argument, the conclusion is intended to follow as a
matter of chance or probability. EX: 72% of survey respondents liked the apples. From this we can infer
that the majority of Americans like these apples.
9. Define Valid: A deductive argument is sound if it is valid and it has true premises
10. Define Invalid: A deductive argument is invalid if we assume that the premises are true
and the conclusion does NOT follow necessarily
11. Define Sound: A deductive argument is sound if it is valid and it has true premises.
12. Define Unsound: A deductive argument is unsound if it is invalid or if it is a valid
argument with at least one false premise.
13. Define strong: An inductive argument is strong if we assume that the premises are
true and the conclusion is likely or probable (likely or probable means that the probability is more
that 50% but less than 100%).
14. Define weak: An inductive argument is weak if we assume that the premises are true and
, the conclusion is NOT likely or probable (likely or probable means that the probability is less that
50%).
15. Define Cogent: An inductive argument is cogent if it is strong and it has true
premises.
16. Define uncogent: An inductive argument is uncogent if it weak or if it is strong
argument but it has at least one false premise.
