BIO 101 module 3 test | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027

BIO 101 module 3 test | Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: What is metabolism?
Answer: the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. It
manages the material and energy resources of a living cell

Question: 2 types of metabolic pathways
Answer: catabolic and anabolic

Question: Catabolic
Answer: A process in which large molecules are broken down into simpler compounds (energy
released)

Question: Example of catabolic pathway
Answer: cellular respiration

Question: Anabolic
Answer: A process in which large molecules are built from small molecules (energy is required)

Question: example of anabolic pathway
Answer: protein synthesis

Question: What are the two general types of energy?
Answer: kinetic and potential

Question: kinetic energy
Answer: energy of motion (kinetic energy is present in electrons as they move, blades of a
windmill in motion, or a car/bike as it rolls down the street)

Question: potential energy
Answer: present in non-moving matter (potential energy is found stored in the bonds of
molecules, in gradients where there is a higher concentration of a substance on one side
of a membrane, in a bike perched at the top of a hill, or in a stretched rubber band)

Question: What is the difference between an energy TRANSFER and
TRANSFORMATION?
Answer: Energy is continually TRANSFERRED (from source to source) and TRANSFORMED (from
one type of energy to another)

Question: Example of energy transfer and transformation in a living
system
Answer: potential energy in gasoline is transferred to a car and also transformed into kinetic
energy as the car moves

, Question: What is ΔG? How can it be used to predict the outcomes of
chemical reactions?
Answer: ΔG = change in free energy. It helps us to predict what kind of reactions will occur
spontaneously ( without energy input )

Question: what does negative ΔG mean
Answer: spontaneous

Question: what does positive ΔG mean
Answer: not spontaneous, requires E (or zero)

Question: 2 types of chemical reactions
Answer: exergonic; endergonic

Question: exergonic reaction
Answer: A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy.

Question: endergonic reaction
Answer: A non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the
surroundings.

Question: Energy in cells can be used to do which different kinds of
work?
Answer: Chemical work (ex protein synthesis), transport work (ex active transport), and
mechanical work (ex muscle contraction)

Question: Describe the structure of ATP and tell what is meant by "high
energy bonds." Describe the "ATP cycle."
Answer: ribose sugar + adenine base + 3 phosphate groups. ATP is said to have "high energy
bonds" because the reactants (ATP, H2O) have a higher free energy than the products
(ADP, Pi). cells use ATP continuously. ATP cycle ensures that there is always energy there
to do work
ATP is used ADP is recycled

Question: What is activation energy in a chemical reaction?
Answer: chemical reactions require bonds to break and new bonds to form. energy investment
is
needed to break the bonds in the reactions, this is ACTIVATION ENERGY (Ea)

Question: What are the factors that can affect enzyme activity?
Answer: Temperature (increased temp speeds up reaction to a point and then can cause
damage),
pH (effects shape of enzyme), co-factors/coenzyme (bind to enzyme to help it perform
its function), and inhibitors (prevent enzyme activity)