THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS
Herlihy, 6th Edition — Enhanced Study Reviewer • Chapters 1–27
Anatomy & physiology foundations • Pathophysiology connections • Clinical reasoning • Original practice questions
Source basis. The supplied Stuvia listing is a 370-page test bank, uploaded August 25, 2023, written for the 2023/2024
academic year. Only 4 of 370 pages are publicly previewed. The preview and publisher table of contents cover Chapters 1–27,
from introduction/anatomical terminology through human development and heredity. ■cite■turn0view0■turn0search3■
Important: This is an original educational companion. It does not reproduce the paid/locked test bank and does not claim to
contain actual/current examination questions. The goal is to build the conceptual framework needed to answer anatomy,
physiology, and health/illness questions.
Herlihy Human Body in Health and Illness 6e — Enhanced Study Reviewer Page 1
, 1. Master Chapter Map
Ch. Focus Must-know anchors
1 Introduction Anatomical position, planes, directions, cavities, organization, homeostasis
2 Basic Chemistry Atoms, ions, bonds, pH, acids/bases, electrolytes
3 Cells Organelles, membrane transport, cell cycle, differentiation
4 Cell Metabolism ATP, enzymes, aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, cellular respiration
5 Microbiology Pathogens, transmission, infection concepts, normal flora
6 Tissues/Membranes Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous tissue; membranes
7 Integumentary Skin layers, temperature regulation, burns, wound healing
8 Skeletal Bones, joints, remodeling, fractures, calcium
9 Muscular Skeletal/cardiac/smooth muscle, contraction, fatigue
10–11 Nervous Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, reflexes
12 Autonomic Sympathetic vs parasympathetic
13 Sensory Vision, hearing, balance, special senses
14–15 Endocrine/Blood Hormones, feedback, blood cells and hemostasis
16–19 Cardiovascular Heart anatomy/function, vessels, circulation, BP
20–21 Lymphatic/Immune Lymph flow, innate/adaptive immunity
22 Respiratory Ventilation, gas exchange, oxygen/CO2 transport
23 Digestive GI anatomy, digestion, absorption
24 Urinary Nephron, filtration, reabsorption, urine formation
25 Fluid/Acid-Base Electrolytes, osmosis, pH, compensation
26 Reproductive Male/female systems, gametogenesis, hormones
27 Development/Heredity Genetics, inheritance, development
2. Chapter 1 — Anatomical Language
The source preview emphasizes the distinction between anatomy and physiology, levels of organization, directional terms, and
body cavities. ■cite■turn0search0■
• Anatomy = structure; physiology = function. Histology studies tissues; pathology studies disease-related structural/functional
changes.
• Organization progresses from chemical → cellular → tissue → organ → organ system → organism.
• Superior = toward the head; inferior = toward the feet. Anterior = toward the front; posterior = toward the back.
• Proximal = closer to the point of attachment; distal = farther away. Medial = toward the midline; lateral = away from the
midline.
• Superficial = closer to the surface; deep = farther from the surface.
• Thoracic cavity contains the lungs and mediastinal structures including the heart. Abdominopelvic cavity contains abdominal
and pelvic organs.
• Use anatomical position as the reference point; directional terms describe relationships, not symptoms.
Homeostasis
Herlihy Human Body in Health and Illness 6e — Enhanced Study Reviewer Page 2
, Homeostasis is dynamic regulation around a relatively stable internal state. Most homeostatic mechanisms use negative
feedback: a deviation triggers responses that oppose the deviation. Positive feedback amplifies a process, such as the
escalating uterine contractions of labor.
3. Chapter 2 — Chemistry
• Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons.
• Ionic bonds involve attraction between charged ions; covalent bonds involve shared electrons; hydrogen bonds are weaker
interactions important in water and biological molecules.
• Water is a major solvent and helps regulate temperature, transport substances, and support chemical reactions.
• pH reflects hydrogen-ion concentration. Lower pH = more acidic; higher pH = more alkaline.
• Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are important for nerve activity, muscle function, fluid balance,
and other physiologic processes.
Exam trap
Do not memorize pH direction incorrectly: acidosis = lower pH; alkalosis = higher pH.
Herlihy Human Body in Health and Illness 6e — Enhanced Study Reviewer Page 3
Herlihy, 6th Edition — Enhanced Study Reviewer • Chapters 1–27
Anatomy & physiology foundations • Pathophysiology connections • Clinical reasoning • Original practice questions
Source basis. The supplied Stuvia listing is a 370-page test bank, uploaded August 25, 2023, written for the 2023/2024
academic year. Only 4 of 370 pages are publicly previewed. The preview and publisher table of contents cover Chapters 1–27,
from introduction/anatomical terminology through human development and heredity. ■cite■turn0view0■turn0search3■
Important: This is an original educational companion. It does not reproduce the paid/locked test bank and does not claim to
contain actual/current examination questions. The goal is to build the conceptual framework needed to answer anatomy,
physiology, and health/illness questions.
Herlihy Human Body in Health and Illness 6e — Enhanced Study Reviewer Page 1
, 1. Master Chapter Map
Ch. Focus Must-know anchors
1 Introduction Anatomical position, planes, directions, cavities, organization, homeostasis
2 Basic Chemistry Atoms, ions, bonds, pH, acids/bases, electrolytes
3 Cells Organelles, membrane transport, cell cycle, differentiation
4 Cell Metabolism ATP, enzymes, aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, cellular respiration
5 Microbiology Pathogens, transmission, infection concepts, normal flora
6 Tissues/Membranes Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous tissue; membranes
7 Integumentary Skin layers, temperature regulation, burns, wound healing
8 Skeletal Bones, joints, remodeling, fractures, calcium
9 Muscular Skeletal/cardiac/smooth muscle, contraction, fatigue
10–11 Nervous Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, reflexes
12 Autonomic Sympathetic vs parasympathetic
13 Sensory Vision, hearing, balance, special senses
14–15 Endocrine/Blood Hormones, feedback, blood cells and hemostasis
16–19 Cardiovascular Heart anatomy/function, vessels, circulation, BP
20–21 Lymphatic/Immune Lymph flow, innate/adaptive immunity
22 Respiratory Ventilation, gas exchange, oxygen/CO2 transport
23 Digestive GI anatomy, digestion, absorption
24 Urinary Nephron, filtration, reabsorption, urine formation
25 Fluid/Acid-Base Electrolytes, osmosis, pH, compensation
26 Reproductive Male/female systems, gametogenesis, hormones
27 Development/Heredity Genetics, inheritance, development
2. Chapter 1 — Anatomical Language
The source preview emphasizes the distinction between anatomy and physiology, levels of organization, directional terms, and
body cavities. ■cite■turn0search0■
• Anatomy = structure; physiology = function. Histology studies tissues; pathology studies disease-related structural/functional
changes.
• Organization progresses from chemical → cellular → tissue → organ → organ system → organism.
• Superior = toward the head; inferior = toward the feet. Anterior = toward the front; posterior = toward the back.
• Proximal = closer to the point of attachment; distal = farther away. Medial = toward the midline; lateral = away from the
midline.
• Superficial = closer to the surface; deep = farther from the surface.
• Thoracic cavity contains the lungs and mediastinal structures including the heart. Abdominopelvic cavity contains abdominal
and pelvic organs.
• Use anatomical position as the reference point; directional terms describe relationships, not symptoms.
Homeostasis
Herlihy Human Body in Health and Illness 6e — Enhanced Study Reviewer Page 2
, Homeostasis is dynamic regulation around a relatively stable internal state. Most homeostatic mechanisms use negative
feedback: a deviation triggers responses that oppose the deviation. Positive feedback amplifies a process, such as the
escalating uterine contractions of labor.
3. Chapter 2 — Chemistry
• Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons.
• Ionic bonds involve attraction between charged ions; covalent bonds involve shared electrons; hydrogen bonds are weaker
interactions important in water and biological molecules.
• Water is a major solvent and helps regulate temperature, transport substances, and support chemical reactions.
• pH reflects hydrogen-ion concentration. Lower pH = more acidic; higher pH = more alkaline.
• Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are important for nerve activity, muscle function, fluid balance,
and other physiologic processes.
Exam trap
Do not memorize pH direction incorrectly: acidosis = lower pH; alkalosis = higher pH.
Herlihy Human Body in Health and Illness 6e — Enhanced Study Reviewer Page 3
