PBIO 1000 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Ethnobotany - Answers - Study of relationship between plants and people
Indigenous Peoples - Answers - Refers to peoples who follow traditional nonindustrial
lifestyles in areas they have occupied for generations
Describe some differences in plant use and awareness by indigenous cultures
compared to industrialized
societies. - Answers - The relationship between plants and people is more direct in
indigenous societies.
Indigenous cultures remain plant knowledge western people have lost, such as
medicines, textiles, and plant cultivation strategies.
Indigenous people are vulnerable to rapid economic and cultural change
Indigenous cultures sometimes represent living analogues of the prehistorical stages of
western civilization.
Explain how plant-animal interactions lead to useful products for humans. - Answers -
Plants chemical functions reward animal pollinators and carriers of their seeds but also
repel, maim, and poison animals that attempt to destroy them
Humans depend on these chemicals for 25% of our prescription drugs and nearly all
chemical substances
ex. caffeine in coffee, nicotine, theobromine in chocolate
Describe the types of evidence that inform us about historical use of plants and plant
products - Answers - Many societies have left graphical or written representations of
their interactions
Etching them in stone or molding them in clay
Describe where and how Richard Schultes, an ethnobotanist, studied the plant use of
indigenous cultures. - Answers - Spent an extensive time studying indigenous people
and their use of hallucinogenic and medicinal plants among the native tribes in South
America.
Ecosystem - Answers - a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism
communities and the nonliving environment, interacting as a functional unit.
ecosystem services - Answers - conditions and processes by which ecosystems-
including their constituent species sustain and fulfill human life.
Biodiversity - Answers - The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
, Name the four categories of ecosystem services and describe the distinguishing feature
of each - Answers - Roots- the critical lifeline, absorbs water and nutrients to permit
growth and anchor the plant.
Stems- provide a framework/structure for branches and leaves so photosynthetic
surfaces are exposed to the sun, display flowers to pollinators and house conductive
system
Leaves- photosynthesis sites for the plant, most are flat, green, and borne along stems.
Flowers- sexual reproduction
Describe what types of ecosystem services are public goods. - Answers - Provisioning
services- products or goods such as water, fish, timber
Explain the impact of photosynthesis on climate. - Answers - Each year more than 10%
of the total CO2 is reduced to carbohydrate by photosynthetic organisms
Most (all) of the reduced carbon is returned to the atmosphere as CO2 by microbial
plant and animal metabolism
Write a formula describing photosynthesis, connecting the chemical inputs and outputs
in the process - Answers - CO2+H20+light energy--->CH2O+O2
6CO2+12H2O+light energy--->C6H12)6+6O2+6H2O
Light dependent- light is needed to excite electron in the pigment, electrons move out of
pigment and replaced by electron from H2O, water splits, electron moves back to low
energy state, moves to 2nd reaction center, light excites it again. When water is split O2
is released but H builds up on membrane, when H returns to balanced state it passes
through protein complex which forms ATP, energy is stored when electrons and H ion
attach to NADPH
Light independent- NADPH and ATP from light dependent reactions---> Calvin cycle,
CC uses energy to turn CO2 into sugar
Gymnosperms - Answers - Plants with exposed seeds
-only dominant group of these seed plants (cycads, ginkgo, gymnosperms) left today.
Angiosperms - Answers - Plants receiving pollen and seeds are enclosed in protective
envelope
-most dominant plants in earths history
Describe the contribution of roots to plant growth and health. - Answers - They make the
plant unmobile-anchor them
roots allow plants to absorb the water and nutrients from soil for use in chemical
synthesis to create chemicals to keep them healthy by warding off predators and
attracting pollinators.
Describe some of the modifications of leaves and name an example of a useful product
from a leaf modification. - Answers - ex. Onion leaves come directly from underground
so the leaf basis is modified for carbohydrate storage underground
-bright colored leaves to attract pollinators
Ethnobotany - Answers - Study of relationship between plants and people
Indigenous Peoples - Answers - Refers to peoples who follow traditional nonindustrial
lifestyles in areas they have occupied for generations
Describe some differences in plant use and awareness by indigenous cultures
compared to industrialized
societies. - Answers - The relationship between plants and people is more direct in
indigenous societies.
Indigenous cultures remain plant knowledge western people have lost, such as
medicines, textiles, and plant cultivation strategies.
Indigenous people are vulnerable to rapid economic and cultural change
Indigenous cultures sometimes represent living analogues of the prehistorical stages of
western civilization.
Explain how plant-animal interactions lead to useful products for humans. - Answers -
Plants chemical functions reward animal pollinators and carriers of their seeds but also
repel, maim, and poison animals that attempt to destroy them
Humans depend on these chemicals for 25% of our prescription drugs and nearly all
chemical substances
ex. caffeine in coffee, nicotine, theobromine in chocolate
Describe the types of evidence that inform us about historical use of plants and plant
products - Answers - Many societies have left graphical or written representations of
their interactions
Etching them in stone or molding them in clay
Describe where and how Richard Schultes, an ethnobotanist, studied the plant use of
indigenous cultures. - Answers - Spent an extensive time studying indigenous people
and their use of hallucinogenic and medicinal plants among the native tribes in South
America.
Ecosystem - Answers - a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism
communities and the nonliving environment, interacting as a functional unit.
ecosystem services - Answers - conditions and processes by which ecosystems-
including their constituent species sustain and fulfill human life.
Biodiversity - Answers - The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
, Name the four categories of ecosystem services and describe the distinguishing feature
of each - Answers - Roots- the critical lifeline, absorbs water and nutrients to permit
growth and anchor the plant.
Stems- provide a framework/structure for branches and leaves so photosynthetic
surfaces are exposed to the sun, display flowers to pollinators and house conductive
system
Leaves- photosynthesis sites for the plant, most are flat, green, and borne along stems.
Flowers- sexual reproduction
Describe what types of ecosystem services are public goods. - Answers - Provisioning
services- products or goods such as water, fish, timber
Explain the impact of photosynthesis on climate. - Answers - Each year more than 10%
of the total CO2 is reduced to carbohydrate by photosynthetic organisms
Most (all) of the reduced carbon is returned to the atmosphere as CO2 by microbial
plant and animal metabolism
Write a formula describing photosynthesis, connecting the chemical inputs and outputs
in the process - Answers - CO2+H20+light energy--->CH2O+O2
6CO2+12H2O+light energy--->C6H12)6+6O2+6H2O
Light dependent- light is needed to excite electron in the pigment, electrons move out of
pigment and replaced by electron from H2O, water splits, electron moves back to low
energy state, moves to 2nd reaction center, light excites it again. When water is split O2
is released but H builds up on membrane, when H returns to balanced state it passes
through protein complex which forms ATP, energy is stored when electrons and H ion
attach to NADPH
Light independent- NADPH and ATP from light dependent reactions---> Calvin cycle,
CC uses energy to turn CO2 into sugar
Gymnosperms - Answers - Plants with exposed seeds
-only dominant group of these seed plants (cycads, ginkgo, gymnosperms) left today.
Angiosperms - Answers - Plants receiving pollen and seeds are enclosed in protective
envelope
-most dominant plants in earths history
Describe the contribution of roots to plant growth and health. - Answers - They make the
plant unmobile-anchor them
roots allow plants to absorb the water and nutrients from soil for use in chemical
synthesis to create chemicals to keep them healthy by warding off predators and
attracting pollinators.
Describe some of the modifications of leaves and name an example of a useful product
from a leaf modification. - Answers - ex. Onion leaves come directly from underground
so the leaf basis is modified for carbohydrate storage underground
-bright colored leaves to attract pollinators
