NUR 245 Exam 1 – Questions With Expert Solutions
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Terms in this set (229)
CAD Chronic and progressive disease
Impaired CO= decreased perfusion
-not pumping enough blood to perfuse tissue/organs
-blood vessel disorder due to Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis Major cause of CAD
soft deposits of fat that harden with age
endothelial injury and inflammation play role
endothelial injury occurs causing
1) fatty streaks- earliest lesions appear yellow starting
at age 20
2. Fibrous plaque- by age 30, begins to harden and
be coated with collagen (grayish/white)
3. Complicated lesion- fibrous plaque continues to
grow causing plaque instability= risk of rupture
(thrombus)
,collateral circulation "bridges" occurs over time
-plaque block blood flow
causing build of new branches around plaque
-allows heart muscle to still receive adequate amount
of blood and oxygen except during increased
workload of heart (exercise)
-the older the person the more collateral circulation
younger=worse prognosis
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD Age: middle aged MEN (over age 45)
Gender- Male
women- estrogen may protect, symptoms are atypical
(fatigue, SOB, upper back pain, indigestion, weakness,
sleep problems, palpitations, anxiety)
-Genetics
-ethnicity (Caucasian men)
Modifiable risk factors for CAD DO patient teaching
High serum lipids
Diabetes
tobacco use
obesity
physical inactivity
Hypertension BIGGEST RISK FACTOR
stress
high homocysteine levels
substance abuse
,High serum lipids total serum cholesterol >200
LDL > 130
HDL men: <50, Women: <40
fasting triglycerides; >150
-physical activity. eating healthy fats, losing weight,
moderate alcohol intake, quitting smoking increase
HDLS
-reduce total fat intake
-reduce sat fats
-take prescribed drugs
-engage in physcial activity
-adjust caloric intake
Hypertension increased risk for CAD, stroke, PVD, HF
>120/80
-causes endothelial injury increasing atherosclerosis=
narrows vessels
-results in left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased
stroke volume
Monitor BP, obtain regular checkups, take prescribed
drugs
-reduce salt intake
-control weight
-perform physcial activity
stop smoking
, Tobacco use releases catecholamines which increase HR/BP=
increase heart workload
-increases lDL/ decreased HDL
-releases toxic O2 radicals (carbon monoxide) which
affects hemoglobins O2 carrying capacity
-increases heart workload and decrease O2
-irritates vessels causing endothelial injury and
inflammation
DO smoking cessation
Physical inactivity CAD may cause venous stasis (heart works harder)
educate on 30-60 mins 5 days per week
-increases HDLs
-decreases hearts workload
-reduces risk of thrombus
Obesity BMI >30
waist circumference men: >40 inches, women: 35
inches
-have increased levels of LDLs/ triglycerides=
atherosclerosis
-apple figure
Diabetes endothelial dysfunction
-high cholesterol and triglycerides
Lifestyle changes and drug therapy
A1c less than 7%
metabolic syndrome cluster of risk factors for CAD
-central obesity
-hypertension
-abnormal serum lipids
-high fasting blood glucose
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (229)
CAD Chronic and progressive disease
Impaired CO= decreased perfusion
-not pumping enough blood to perfuse tissue/organs
-blood vessel disorder due to Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis Major cause of CAD
soft deposits of fat that harden with age
endothelial injury and inflammation play role
endothelial injury occurs causing
1) fatty streaks- earliest lesions appear yellow starting
at age 20
2. Fibrous plaque- by age 30, begins to harden and
be coated with collagen (grayish/white)
3. Complicated lesion- fibrous plaque continues to
grow causing plaque instability= risk of rupture
(thrombus)
,collateral circulation "bridges" occurs over time
-plaque block blood flow
causing build of new branches around plaque
-allows heart muscle to still receive adequate amount
of blood and oxygen except during increased
workload of heart (exercise)
-the older the person the more collateral circulation
younger=worse prognosis
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD Age: middle aged MEN (over age 45)
Gender- Male
women- estrogen may protect, symptoms are atypical
(fatigue, SOB, upper back pain, indigestion, weakness,
sleep problems, palpitations, anxiety)
-Genetics
-ethnicity (Caucasian men)
Modifiable risk factors for CAD DO patient teaching
High serum lipids
Diabetes
tobacco use
obesity
physical inactivity
Hypertension BIGGEST RISK FACTOR
stress
high homocysteine levels
substance abuse
,High serum lipids total serum cholesterol >200
LDL > 130
HDL men: <50, Women: <40
fasting triglycerides; >150
-physical activity. eating healthy fats, losing weight,
moderate alcohol intake, quitting smoking increase
HDLS
-reduce total fat intake
-reduce sat fats
-take prescribed drugs
-engage in physcial activity
-adjust caloric intake
Hypertension increased risk for CAD, stroke, PVD, HF
>120/80
-causes endothelial injury increasing atherosclerosis=
narrows vessels
-results in left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased
stroke volume
Monitor BP, obtain regular checkups, take prescribed
drugs
-reduce salt intake
-control weight
-perform physcial activity
stop smoking
, Tobacco use releases catecholamines which increase HR/BP=
increase heart workload
-increases lDL/ decreased HDL
-releases toxic O2 radicals (carbon monoxide) which
affects hemoglobins O2 carrying capacity
-increases heart workload and decrease O2
-irritates vessels causing endothelial injury and
inflammation
DO smoking cessation
Physical inactivity CAD may cause venous stasis (heart works harder)
educate on 30-60 mins 5 days per week
-increases HDLs
-decreases hearts workload
-reduces risk of thrombus
Obesity BMI >30
waist circumference men: >40 inches, women: 35
inches
-have increased levels of LDLs/ triglycerides=
atherosclerosis
-apple figure
Diabetes endothelial dysfunction
-high cholesterol and triglycerides
Lifestyle changes and drug therapy
A1c less than 7%
metabolic syndrome cluster of risk factors for CAD
-central obesity
-hypertension
-abnormal serum lipids
-high fasting blood glucose
