UNE Pathophysiology Ultimate Final Exam
2026/2027 – Latest Study Guide | Practice
Questions & Answers
A 77 year old lifetime smoker has been diagnosed with a tumor in his lung at the
site of an old tubercle scarring site, located in a peripheral area of his bronchiolar
tissue. What is this client's most likely diagnosis?
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamos cell carcinoma
C. Small cell lung cancer
D. Large Cell Carcinoma - correct answer-Adenocarcinoma
When educating a student who lives in a crowded apartment and diagnosed with
tuberculosis, the college school nurse will emphasis,
A. Once your fever goes away, you cans top taking the streptomycin injection.
B. If isoniazid makes you nauseous, we can substitute something milder.
C. To destroy this bacterium you must strictly adhere to a long term drug
regiment
D. You will have to wear an N95 mask while on campus at all times. - correct
answer-To destroy this bacterium, you must strictly adhere to a long term drug
regiment.
,A patient with small cell lung cancer has developed a paraneoplastic syndrome
called Cushing syndrome. Based on this new complication, the nurse will likely
assess which of the following manifestations of this syndrome?
A. Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on the abdomen
B. Bilateral edema in the arms, swollen face, and protruding eyes
C. Severe bone/joint pain, nausea/vomiting and polyuria
Tetany, new onset seizure activity, emotional lability, and extra pyramidal. -
correct answer-A. Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on
the abdomen
The neonatal ICU nurse is aware that type II alveolar cells produce surfactant, and
they usually develop at how many weeks of gestation?
A. 17-18
B. 19-20
C. 24-28
D. 34-38 - correct answer-C. 24-28
A patient who has been on a high-protein diet comes to the emergency
department with respiratory symptoms. Upon analysis of arterial blood gases
(ABGs), the patient is diagnosed with hypercapnia. The nurse will note the ABG
results that confirm this diagnosis include: Select all that apply.
pH 7.31 (normal 7.35 to 7.45).
PO2 of 97%.
PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42).
Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
,Serum K+ (potassium)of 3.6 mmol/L (normal 3.5 to 5.0). - correct answer-pH 7.31
(normal 7.35 to 7.45).
PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42).
Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
A 51-year-old female client who is 2 days postoperative in a surgical unit of a
hospital is at risk of developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile.
Which of the following teaching points by her nurse is most appropriate?
"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as
possible while you're in bed."
"Being in bed increases the risk of fluid accumulating between your lungs and
their lining, so it's important for you to change positions often."
"Make sure that you stay hydrated and walk as soon as possible to avoid us
having to insert a chest tube."
"I'll proscribe bronchodilator medications that will help open up your airways and
allow more oxygen in." - correct answer-"You should breathe deeply and cough to
help your lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following
clinical manifestations lead the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? Select all that
apply.
Respiratory rate 34
Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration
Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
Pulse oximetry 98%
ABG pH level of 7.38 - correct answer-Respiratory rate 34
, Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration
Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
Upon admission to the ICU, a patient with a history of cor pulmonale will likely be
exhibiting which of the following clinical manifestations of right heart failure?
Select all that apply.
Fine crackles throughout both lung fields
+4 pitting edema in lower extremities
Expectorating copious amounts of frothy, pink sputum
Jugular vein distension
Altered level of consciousness - correct answer-+4 pitting edema in lower
extremities
Jugular vein distension
Altered level of consciousness
A nurse is providing care for a client who has been admitted to a medical unit
with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Which of the following signs and symptoms
should the nurse expect to find during physical assessment of the client and the
review of the client's history? Select all that apply.
Recurrent chest infections
Production of purulent sputum
A barrel chest
Low hemoglobin levels
2026/2027 – Latest Study Guide | Practice
Questions & Answers
A 77 year old lifetime smoker has been diagnosed with a tumor in his lung at the
site of an old tubercle scarring site, located in a peripheral area of his bronchiolar
tissue. What is this client's most likely diagnosis?
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamos cell carcinoma
C. Small cell lung cancer
D. Large Cell Carcinoma - correct answer-Adenocarcinoma
When educating a student who lives in a crowded apartment and diagnosed with
tuberculosis, the college school nurse will emphasis,
A. Once your fever goes away, you cans top taking the streptomycin injection.
B. If isoniazid makes you nauseous, we can substitute something milder.
C. To destroy this bacterium you must strictly adhere to a long term drug
regiment
D. You will have to wear an N95 mask while on campus at all times. - correct
answer-To destroy this bacterium, you must strictly adhere to a long term drug
regiment.
,A patient with small cell lung cancer has developed a paraneoplastic syndrome
called Cushing syndrome. Based on this new complication, the nurse will likely
assess which of the following manifestations of this syndrome?
A. Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on the abdomen
B. Bilateral edema in the arms, swollen face, and protruding eyes
C. Severe bone/joint pain, nausea/vomiting and polyuria
Tetany, new onset seizure activity, emotional lability, and extra pyramidal. -
correct answer-A. Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on
the abdomen
The neonatal ICU nurse is aware that type II alveolar cells produce surfactant, and
they usually develop at how many weeks of gestation?
A. 17-18
B. 19-20
C. 24-28
D. 34-38 - correct answer-C. 24-28
A patient who has been on a high-protein diet comes to the emergency
department with respiratory symptoms. Upon analysis of arterial blood gases
(ABGs), the patient is diagnosed with hypercapnia. The nurse will note the ABG
results that confirm this diagnosis include: Select all that apply.
pH 7.31 (normal 7.35 to 7.45).
PO2 of 97%.
PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42).
Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
,Serum K+ (potassium)of 3.6 mmol/L (normal 3.5 to 5.0). - correct answer-pH 7.31
(normal 7.35 to 7.45).
PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42).
Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
A 51-year-old female client who is 2 days postoperative in a surgical unit of a
hospital is at risk of developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile.
Which of the following teaching points by her nurse is most appropriate?
"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as
possible while you're in bed."
"Being in bed increases the risk of fluid accumulating between your lungs and
their lining, so it's important for you to change positions often."
"Make sure that you stay hydrated and walk as soon as possible to avoid us
having to insert a chest tube."
"I'll proscribe bronchodilator medications that will help open up your airways and
allow more oxygen in." - correct answer-"You should breathe deeply and cough to
help your lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following
clinical manifestations lead the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? Select all that
apply.
Respiratory rate 34
Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration
Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
Pulse oximetry 98%
ABG pH level of 7.38 - correct answer-Respiratory rate 34
, Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration
Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
Upon admission to the ICU, a patient with a history of cor pulmonale will likely be
exhibiting which of the following clinical manifestations of right heart failure?
Select all that apply.
Fine crackles throughout both lung fields
+4 pitting edema in lower extremities
Expectorating copious amounts of frothy, pink sputum
Jugular vein distension
Altered level of consciousness - correct answer-+4 pitting edema in lower
extremities
Jugular vein distension
Altered level of consciousness
A nurse is providing care for a client who has been admitted to a medical unit
with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Which of the following signs and symptoms
should the nurse expect to find during physical assessment of the client and the
review of the client's history? Select all that apply.
Recurrent chest infections
Production of purulent sputum
A barrel chest
Low hemoglobin levels
