BSN 246/ BSN 246 - SHERPATH PART 2 (GLUCOSE REGULATION)
HESI HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM V2 (LATEST 2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT| GRADE A-
NIGHTINGALE
CORE DOMAINS
• Advanced Insulin Management and Pharmacokinetics
• Oral Antidiabetic Agents and Incretin Therapies
• Blood Glucose Monitoring and Continuous Glucose Monitoring
• Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia: Recognition and Management
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
• Chronic Complications: Neuropathy, Nephropathy, Retinopathy
• Nutritional Therapy and Carbohydrate Counting
• Exercise and Physical Activity in Diabetes Management
• Special Populations: Pregnancy, Pediatrics, Older Adults
• Patient Education, Self-Management, and Psychosocial Support
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive examination is Part 2 of the HESI Health Assessment
Exam V2, focusing on advanced concepts in glucose regulation. It is
designed for Bachelor of Science in Nursing students at Nightingale
College preparing for the HESI exam. The examination covers advanced
insulin management, oral antidiabetic agents, blood glucose monitoring,
acute and chronic complications, nutritional therapy, exercise, and special
populations. Each question is accompanied by a verified answer and
detailed rationale to support clinical judgment and exam readiness.
Emphasis is placed on prioritization, patient education, and evidence-based
practice in the management of diabetes mellitus.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–50
,1. A client with type 1 diabetes is prescribed insulin aspart and insulin
detemir. Which statement by the client indicates correct
understanding of these medications?
A. "I will take insulin detemir before meals to cover my food."
B. "I will take insulin aspart at bedtime for long-acting coverage."
C. "I will take insulin aspart before meals and insulin detemir once daily."
D. "I will take both insulins only when my blood sugar is high."
C. "I will take insulin aspart before meals and insulin detemir once
daily."
RATIONALE: Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin taken before meals
to cover postprandial glucose spikes. Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal
insulin taken once or twice daily. This combination provides both prandial
and basal coverage .
2. A client with type 2 diabetes is prescribed empagliflozin. Which
instruction is most important for the nurse to include?
A. "Take this medication on an empty stomach."
B. "Report symptoms of genital yeast infection."
C. "This medication can cause weight gain."
D. "You may experience hypoglycemia if you skip meals."
B. "Report symptoms of genital yeast infection."
RATIONALE: SGLT2 inhibitors like empagliflozin increase urinary
glucose excretion, which promotes genital mycotic infections. Clients
should be instructed to report symptoms such as itching, redness, or
discharge. Empagliflozin does not typically cause hypoglycemia when used
alone and is associated with weight loss, not gain .
3. A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about continuous glucose
monitoring (CGM). Which statement indicates correct understanding?
A. "I need to calibrate my CGM with a fingerstick once a week."
B. "My CGM will alert me if my blood sugar is dropping."
C. "I should only use my CGM when I feel symptoms of low blood sugar."
D. "My CGM replaces the need for insulin injections."
, B. "My CGM will alert me if my blood sugar is dropping."
RATIONALE: Continuous glucose monitors provide real-time glucose
readings and can alert the user to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Calibration requirements vary by device, but many newer CGMs do not
require fingerstick calibration. CGMs do not replace insulin injections .
4. A client with diabetes is prescribed glargine insulin. Which
statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "I will take this insulin at the same time every day."
B. "I will rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy."
C. "I will mix this insulin with my rapid-acting insulin in the same syringe."
D. "I will store my insulin in the refrigerator before opening."
C. "I will mix this insulin with my rapid-acting insulin in the same
syringe."
RATIONALE: Glargine insulin is a long-acting basal insulin and should
NOT be mixed with other insulins. Mixing can alter its absorption and onset
of action. It should be taken at the same time daily, and injection sites
should be rotated. Unopened vials should be refrigerated .
5. A nurse is assessing a client with diabetes who reports numbness
and tingling in both hands and feet. Which complication is the nurse
most likely observing?
A. Diabetic retinopathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
D. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
C. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
RATIONALE: Peripheral neuropathy typically presents with numbness,
tingling, burning, or pain in a stocking-glove distribution (hands and feet).
Retinopathy affects vision. Nephropathy affects kidney function. Autonomic
neuropathy affects internal organs such as the heart, bladder, and digestive
tract .
HESI HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM V2 (LATEST 2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT| GRADE A-
NIGHTINGALE
CORE DOMAINS
• Advanced Insulin Management and Pharmacokinetics
• Oral Antidiabetic Agents and Incretin Therapies
• Blood Glucose Monitoring and Continuous Glucose Monitoring
• Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia: Recognition and Management
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
• Chronic Complications: Neuropathy, Nephropathy, Retinopathy
• Nutritional Therapy and Carbohydrate Counting
• Exercise and Physical Activity in Diabetes Management
• Special Populations: Pregnancy, Pediatrics, Older Adults
• Patient Education, Self-Management, and Psychosocial Support
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive examination is Part 2 of the HESI Health Assessment
Exam V2, focusing on advanced concepts in glucose regulation. It is
designed for Bachelor of Science in Nursing students at Nightingale
College preparing for the HESI exam. The examination covers advanced
insulin management, oral antidiabetic agents, blood glucose monitoring,
acute and chronic complications, nutritional therapy, exercise, and special
populations. Each question is accompanied by a verified answer and
detailed rationale to support clinical judgment and exam readiness.
Emphasis is placed on prioritization, patient education, and evidence-based
practice in the management of diabetes mellitus.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–50
,1. A client with type 1 diabetes is prescribed insulin aspart and insulin
detemir. Which statement by the client indicates correct
understanding of these medications?
A. "I will take insulin detemir before meals to cover my food."
B. "I will take insulin aspart at bedtime for long-acting coverage."
C. "I will take insulin aspart before meals and insulin detemir once daily."
D. "I will take both insulins only when my blood sugar is high."
C. "I will take insulin aspart before meals and insulin detemir once
daily."
RATIONALE: Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin taken before meals
to cover postprandial glucose spikes. Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal
insulin taken once or twice daily. This combination provides both prandial
and basal coverage .
2. A client with type 2 diabetes is prescribed empagliflozin. Which
instruction is most important for the nurse to include?
A. "Take this medication on an empty stomach."
B. "Report symptoms of genital yeast infection."
C. "This medication can cause weight gain."
D. "You may experience hypoglycemia if you skip meals."
B. "Report symptoms of genital yeast infection."
RATIONALE: SGLT2 inhibitors like empagliflozin increase urinary
glucose excretion, which promotes genital mycotic infections. Clients
should be instructed to report symptoms such as itching, redness, or
discharge. Empagliflozin does not typically cause hypoglycemia when used
alone and is associated with weight loss, not gain .
3. A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about continuous glucose
monitoring (CGM). Which statement indicates correct understanding?
A. "I need to calibrate my CGM with a fingerstick once a week."
B. "My CGM will alert me if my blood sugar is dropping."
C. "I should only use my CGM when I feel symptoms of low blood sugar."
D. "My CGM replaces the need for insulin injections."
, B. "My CGM will alert me if my blood sugar is dropping."
RATIONALE: Continuous glucose monitors provide real-time glucose
readings and can alert the user to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Calibration requirements vary by device, but many newer CGMs do not
require fingerstick calibration. CGMs do not replace insulin injections .
4. A client with diabetes is prescribed glargine insulin. Which
statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "I will take this insulin at the same time every day."
B. "I will rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy."
C. "I will mix this insulin with my rapid-acting insulin in the same syringe."
D. "I will store my insulin in the refrigerator before opening."
C. "I will mix this insulin with my rapid-acting insulin in the same
syringe."
RATIONALE: Glargine insulin is a long-acting basal insulin and should
NOT be mixed with other insulins. Mixing can alter its absorption and onset
of action. It should be taken at the same time daily, and injection sites
should be rotated. Unopened vials should be refrigerated .
5. A nurse is assessing a client with diabetes who reports numbness
and tingling in both hands and feet. Which complication is the nurse
most likely observing?
A. Diabetic retinopathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
D. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
C. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
RATIONALE: Peripheral neuropathy typically presents with numbness,
tingling, burning, or pain in a stocking-glove distribution (hands and feet).
Retinopathy affects vision. Nephropathy affects kidney function. Autonomic
neuropathy affects internal organs such as the heart, bladder, and digestive
tract .
