,ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST BANK
(2ND EDITION) – NANCY TKACS | ALL CHAPTERS EXAM QUESTIONS
& STUDY GUIDE
CORE DOMAINS
The Foundational Concepts of Clinical Practice
Chemical and Biochemical Foundations
Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Genetic Diseases
Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology
Infectious Disease
The Immune System and Leukocyte Function
Neoplasia
Blood and Clotting
Circulation
Heart
Lungs
Kidneys
Gastrointestinal Tract
Liver
Nervous System
Musculoskeletal System
Endocrine System
INTRODUCTION
,This comprehensive test bank is designed for students and instructors
using Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for Clinical
Practice, 2nd Edition, by Nancy Tkacs, Linda Herrmann, and Randall
Johnson. It assesses foundational concepts linking normal physiology to
the pathophysiology of common disorders across all 17 chapters. The
examination employs multiple-choice and case-based questions that mirror
real-world clinical encounters, emphasizing critical thinking, mechanism-
based reasoning, and the application of physiological principles to
diagnostics and management. This resource prepares candidates for
rigorous graduate-level exams and advanced clinical practice.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation
include:
A. Fever
B. Fatigue
C. Redness
D. Granuloma
C. Redness
RATIONALE: The five cardinal signs of acute inflammation are redness
(rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function
(functio laesa). Fever and fatigue are systemic manifestations, not localized
cardinal signs. A granuloma is a chronic inflammatory lesion.
2. Which of the following is the primary function of the cell
membrane?
A. To produce energy
B. To store genetic information
C. To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
D. To synthesize proteins
C. To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
RATIONALE: The cell membrane acts as a selectively permeable
barrier, regulating the passage of ions, nutrients, and waste products to
, maintain homeostasis. Energy production occurs in mitochondria, genetic
information is stored in the nucleus, and protein synthesis occurs on
ribosomes.
3. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
A. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus
B. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
C. They are the same
D. Prokaryotic cells are larger
B. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
RATIONALE: Prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacteria) lack a membrane-bound
nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells (e.g., human cells) have a true nucleus
containing genetic material. This is a fundamental structural difference.
4. A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of
a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
___________ of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
RATIONALE: Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive response in
which remaining cells proliferate to restore organ mass after partial removal
or damage. The liver is a classic example of an organ with high
regenerative capacity.
5. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being
able to do what he used to be able to. Normal changes associated
with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
(2ND EDITION) – NANCY TKACS | ALL CHAPTERS EXAM QUESTIONS
& STUDY GUIDE
CORE DOMAINS
The Foundational Concepts of Clinical Practice
Chemical and Biochemical Foundations
Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Genetic Diseases
Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology
Infectious Disease
The Immune System and Leukocyte Function
Neoplasia
Blood and Clotting
Circulation
Heart
Lungs
Kidneys
Gastrointestinal Tract
Liver
Nervous System
Musculoskeletal System
Endocrine System
INTRODUCTION
,This comprehensive test bank is designed for students and instructors
using Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for Clinical
Practice, 2nd Edition, by Nancy Tkacs, Linda Herrmann, and Randall
Johnson. It assesses foundational concepts linking normal physiology to
the pathophysiology of common disorders across all 17 chapters. The
examination employs multiple-choice and case-based questions that mirror
real-world clinical encounters, emphasizing critical thinking, mechanism-
based reasoning, and the application of physiological principles to
diagnostics and management. This resource prepares candidates for
rigorous graduate-level exams and advanced clinical practice.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation
include:
A. Fever
B. Fatigue
C. Redness
D. Granuloma
C. Redness
RATIONALE: The five cardinal signs of acute inflammation are redness
(rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function
(functio laesa). Fever and fatigue are systemic manifestations, not localized
cardinal signs. A granuloma is a chronic inflammatory lesion.
2. Which of the following is the primary function of the cell
membrane?
A. To produce energy
B. To store genetic information
C. To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
D. To synthesize proteins
C. To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
RATIONALE: The cell membrane acts as a selectively permeable
barrier, regulating the passage of ions, nutrients, and waste products to
, maintain homeostasis. Energy production occurs in mitochondria, genetic
information is stored in the nucleus, and protein synthesis occurs on
ribosomes.
3. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
A. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus
B. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
C. They are the same
D. Prokaryotic cells are larger
B. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
RATIONALE: Prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacteria) lack a membrane-bound
nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells (e.g., human cells) have a true nucleus
containing genetic material. This is a fundamental structural difference.
4. A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of
a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
___________ of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
RATIONALE: Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive response in
which remaining cells proliferate to restore organ mass after partial removal
or damage. The liver is a classic example of an organ with high
regenerative capacity.
5. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being
able to do what he used to be able to. Normal changes associated
with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
