Pathophysiology Keiser University Exam 1 | Actual Questions
and Answers Latest Updated 2026/2027 (Graded A+)
•
Predictive Value
- ✔✔Observation or test result is able to predict the presence of a given disease/condition
•
Aspects of the Disease Process
- ✔✔etiology, pathogenesis, morphologic changes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and
clinical course
•
Factors affecting adaptation to stressors
i. - ✔✔Age
ii. Health status
iii. Psychosocial resources
iv. The rapidity with which the need to adapt occurs
v. The availability of adaptive responses and the ability of the body to select the most
appropriate response
•
Etiologic Factors
- ✔✔biologic agents (bacteria, viruses), physical forces (trauma, burns), chemical agents
(poisons, alcohol), nutritional excesses or deficits
•
Sensitivity and Specificity
i. - ✔✔Likelihood or how well the test or observation identifies people with or without a
disease.
ii. Example: UTI, high bacteria in urine is detected then lab cultures the bacteria for
specificity.
•
Validity
- ✔✔the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
•
Reliability
- ✔✔extent to which an observation , when repeated, gives the same result.
•
Diagnosis
- ✔✔designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem
,•
Etiology
- ✔✔disease causes
•
Mortality
- ✔✔causes of death in a given population
•
Morbitity
i. - ✔✔Describes effects an illness has on a persons life.
ii. Concerned with:
iii. -Incidence
iv. -Persistence
v. -Long term consequences of disease
•
Epidimiology
- ✔✔study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within
populations
•
Primary Prevention
i. - ✔✔Removing risk factors so disease does not occur.
ii. Example: Immunizations
•
Secondary Prevention
i. - ✔✔Detecting disease when still curable.
ii. Example: Pap smears, mamograms.
•
Tertiary Prevention
i. - ✔✔preventing further deterioration or reducing complications of disease.
ii. Example: antiobiotics
•
Extracellular matrix composition:
Glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) are usually found linked to...
- ✔✔proteins as Proteoglycans
•
Membrane Potentials
- ✔✔are electrical potentials existing across the membranes as a result of ion distribution
, •
Electrical potentials exist across the membranes as a result of ...
- ✔✔Ion distribution
•
Ion channels are...
i. - ✔✔-Proteins that span the width of the cell membrane.
ii. -Act as a gate.
iii. Ions allowed:
iv. -Sodium
v. -Potasium
vi. -Calcium
vii. -Chloride
•
Things we eat are converted to energy in the form of...
- ✔✔ATP
•
ATP...
i. - ✔✔-Can be "saved or spent"
ii. -Aerobic and Anaerobic production of ATP
iii. -Used in cellular metabolism
iv. -Produce in the mitochondria
•
G Protein-linked Receptors
- ✔✔ON-OFF switch for signal transduction
•
Enzyme-linked Receptors
i. - ✔✔-Receptors for certain protein hormones
ii. -Activate an intracellular domain with enzyme activity
•
Cell membrane components
i. - ✔✔1) Lipid bilayer-phospholipids
ii. 2)Integral protein channels span entire bilayer-Ion channels
iii. 3)Proteins
•
_____________ signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that affects
its own activity.
- ✔✔Autocrine
and Answers Latest Updated 2026/2027 (Graded A+)
•
Predictive Value
- ✔✔Observation or test result is able to predict the presence of a given disease/condition
•
Aspects of the Disease Process
- ✔✔etiology, pathogenesis, morphologic changes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and
clinical course
•
Factors affecting adaptation to stressors
i. - ✔✔Age
ii. Health status
iii. Psychosocial resources
iv. The rapidity with which the need to adapt occurs
v. The availability of adaptive responses and the ability of the body to select the most
appropriate response
•
Etiologic Factors
- ✔✔biologic agents (bacteria, viruses), physical forces (trauma, burns), chemical agents
(poisons, alcohol), nutritional excesses or deficits
•
Sensitivity and Specificity
i. - ✔✔Likelihood or how well the test or observation identifies people with or without a
disease.
ii. Example: UTI, high bacteria in urine is detected then lab cultures the bacteria for
specificity.
•
Validity
- ✔✔the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
•
Reliability
- ✔✔extent to which an observation , when repeated, gives the same result.
•
Diagnosis
- ✔✔designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem
,•
Etiology
- ✔✔disease causes
•
Mortality
- ✔✔causes of death in a given population
•
Morbitity
i. - ✔✔Describes effects an illness has on a persons life.
ii. Concerned with:
iii. -Incidence
iv. -Persistence
v. -Long term consequences of disease
•
Epidimiology
- ✔✔study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within
populations
•
Primary Prevention
i. - ✔✔Removing risk factors so disease does not occur.
ii. Example: Immunizations
•
Secondary Prevention
i. - ✔✔Detecting disease when still curable.
ii. Example: Pap smears, mamograms.
•
Tertiary Prevention
i. - ✔✔preventing further deterioration or reducing complications of disease.
ii. Example: antiobiotics
•
Extracellular matrix composition:
Glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) are usually found linked to...
- ✔✔proteins as Proteoglycans
•
Membrane Potentials
- ✔✔are electrical potentials existing across the membranes as a result of ion distribution
, •
Electrical potentials exist across the membranes as a result of ...
- ✔✔Ion distribution
•
Ion channels are...
i. - ✔✔-Proteins that span the width of the cell membrane.
ii. -Act as a gate.
iii. Ions allowed:
iv. -Sodium
v. -Potasium
vi. -Calcium
vii. -Chloride
•
Things we eat are converted to energy in the form of...
- ✔✔ATP
•
ATP...
i. - ✔✔-Can be "saved or spent"
ii. -Aerobic and Anaerobic production of ATP
iii. -Used in cellular metabolism
iv. -Produce in the mitochondria
•
G Protein-linked Receptors
- ✔✔ON-OFF switch for signal transduction
•
Enzyme-linked Receptors
i. - ✔✔-Receptors for certain protein hormones
ii. -Activate an intracellular domain with enzyme activity
•
Cell membrane components
i. - ✔✔1) Lipid bilayer-phospholipids
ii. 2)Integral protein channels span entire bilayer-Ion channels
iii. 3)Proteins
•
_____________ signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that affects
its own activity.
- ✔✔Autocrine
