NU 110/ NU110 EXAM 1 – INTEGRATED HUMAN SCIENCES GUIDE | GALEN (LATEST 2026/
2027 UPDATE) 100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A
•
CORE DOMAINS
• Anatomical terminology and organization
• Cellular structure and function
• Histology and tissue organization
• Integumentary system
• Skeletal system and bone physiology
• Muscular system
• Nervous system and neural communication
• Endocrine regulation and homeostasis
• Cardiovascular and blood fundamentals
• Respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive integration
•
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive assessment is designed to reinforce foundational knowledge in
integrated human sciences and prepare learners for examination-style questions. The
questions assess anatomical terminology, organization of the human body, cellular
processes, tissues, organ systems, physiological mechanisms, homeostasis, and relationships
among body structures and functions. Multiple-choice questions emphasize both
foundational knowledge and application, requiring learners to distinguish related concepts,
interpret physiological situations, and select appropriate conclusions. Understanding these
principles provides a foundation for connecting structure with function and for applying
scientific concepts in later nursing and health-science coursework. The explanations provide
concise rationales to support active review and deeper understanding.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
Question 1. Which statement best describes the primary focus of anatomy?
A. The study of how diseases alter body function
B. The study of body structures and their relationships
C. The study of chemical reactions occurring inside cells
D. The study of medications and their therapeutic effects
Correct Answer: B. The study of body structures and their relationships
Explanation: Anatomy focuses on the structures of the body, including their shapes,
locations, organization, and relationships to one another. Physiology primarily addresses
how those structures function.
,Question 2. Which term describes the study of how body structures function?
A. Physiology
B. Histology
C. Cytology
D. Embryology
Correct Answer: A. Physiology
Explanation: Physiology examines the functions and mechanisms of living organisms and
their parts. Anatomy and physiology are closely related because structure and function are
interdependent.
Question 3. In the standard anatomical position, the individual is standing with the:
A. Palms facing posteriorly and feet together
B. Body lying supine with arms at the sides
C. Palms facing anteriorly and feet directed forward
D. Head turned laterally with arms crossed
Correct Answer: C. Palms facing anteriorly and feet directed forward
Explanation: Standard anatomical position involves standing erect, facing forward, with arms
at the sides, palms facing forward, and feet directed forward. This position provides a
consistent reference for anatomical descriptions.
Question 4. Which directional term means closer to the midline of the body?
A. Lateral
B. Medial
C. Distal
D. Superficial
Correct Answer: B. Medial
Explanation: Medial means toward the body's midline. Lateral means farther from the
midline.
Question 5. The wrist is ______ to the elbow.
A. Proximal
B. Superior
C. Distal
D. Medial
Correct Answer: C. Distal
Explanation: Distal means farther from the point of attachment or origin of a structure. The
wrist is farther from the shoulder than the elbow is, making the wrist distal to the elbow.
, Question 6. Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
A. Sagittal
B. Transverse
C. Frontal
D. Oblique
Correct Answer: C. Frontal
Explanation: The frontal, or coronal, plane divides the body into anterior and posterior
portions. A sagittal plane divides left and right portions, while a transverse plane divides
superior and inferior portions.
Question 7. Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?
A. Transverse
B. Frontal
C. Sagittal
D. Median
Correct Answer: A. Transverse
Explanation: A transverse plane runs horizontally and separates the body into superior and
inferior portions.
Question 8. Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
A. Sternum
B. Mediastinum
C. Diaphragm
D. Peritoneum
Correct Answer: C. Diaphragm
Explanation: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped skeletal muscle separating the thoracic and
abdominal cavities. Its contraction is also essential for inspiration.
Question 9. Which organ is located primarily within the cranial cavity?
A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Stomach
Correct Answer: B. Brain
Explanation: The cranial cavity houses and protects the brain. It is part of the dorsal body
cavity.
2027 UPDATE) 100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A
•
CORE DOMAINS
• Anatomical terminology and organization
• Cellular structure and function
• Histology and tissue organization
• Integumentary system
• Skeletal system and bone physiology
• Muscular system
• Nervous system and neural communication
• Endocrine regulation and homeostasis
• Cardiovascular and blood fundamentals
• Respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive integration
•
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive assessment is designed to reinforce foundational knowledge in
integrated human sciences and prepare learners for examination-style questions. The
questions assess anatomical terminology, organization of the human body, cellular
processes, tissues, organ systems, physiological mechanisms, homeostasis, and relationships
among body structures and functions. Multiple-choice questions emphasize both
foundational knowledge and application, requiring learners to distinguish related concepts,
interpret physiological situations, and select appropriate conclusions. Understanding these
principles provides a foundation for connecting structure with function and for applying
scientific concepts in later nursing and health-science coursework. The explanations provide
concise rationales to support active review and deeper understanding.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
Question 1. Which statement best describes the primary focus of anatomy?
A. The study of how diseases alter body function
B. The study of body structures and their relationships
C. The study of chemical reactions occurring inside cells
D. The study of medications and their therapeutic effects
Correct Answer: B. The study of body structures and their relationships
Explanation: Anatomy focuses on the structures of the body, including their shapes,
locations, organization, and relationships to one another. Physiology primarily addresses
how those structures function.
,Question 2. Which term describes the study of how body structures function?
A. Physiology
B. Histology
C. Cytology
D. Embryology
Correct Answer: A. Physiology
Explanation: Physiology examines the functions and mechanisms of living organisms and
their parts. Anatomy and physiology are closely related because structure and function are
interdependent.
Question 3. In the standard anatomical position, the individual is standing with the:
A. Palms facing posteriorly and feet together
B. Body lying supine with arms at the sides
C. Palms facing anteriorly and feet directed forward
D. Head turned laterally with arms crossed
Correct Answer: C. Palms facing anteriorly and feet directed forward
Explanation: Standard anatomical position involves standing erect, facing forward, with arms
at the sides, palms facing forward, and feet directed forward. This position provides a
consistent reference for anatomical descriptions.
Question 4. Which directional term means closer to the midline of the body?
A. Lateral
B. Medial
C. Distal
D. Superficial
Correct Answer: B. Medial
Explanation: Medial means toward the body's midline. Lateral means farther from the
midline.
Question 5. The wrist is ______ to the elbow.
A. Proximal
B. Superior
C. Distal
D. Medial
Correct Answer: C. Distal
Explanation: Distal means farther from the point of attachment or origin of a structure. The
wrist is farther from the shoulder than the elbow is, making the wrist distal to the elbow.
, Question 6. Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
A. Sagittal
B. Transverse
C. Frontal
D. Oblique
Correct Answer: C. Frontal
Explanation: The frontal, or coronal, plane divides the body into anterior and posterior
portions. A sagittal plane divides left and right portions, while a transverse plane divides
superior and inferior portions.
Question 7. Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?
A. Transverse
B. Frontal
C. Sagittal
D. Median
Correct Answer: A. Transverse
Explanation: A transverse plane runs horizontally and separates the body into superior and
inferior portions.
Question 8. Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
A. Sternum
B. Mediastinum
C. Diaphragm
D. Peritoneum
Correct Answer: C. Diaphragm
Explanation: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped skeletal muscle separating the thoracic and
abdominal cavities. Its contraction is also essential for inspiration.
Question 9. Which organ is located primarily within the cranial cavity?
A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Stomach
Correct Answer: B. Brain
Explanation: The cranial cavity houses and protects the brain. It is part of the dorsal body
cavity.
