PNB 2265 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
how many liters per day does the kidney filter - Correct Answers -180
what percent of the filtered fluid by kidneys is excreted in urine - Correct Answers -1%
functions of the kidneys - Correct Answers -excrete wastes, regulate water and salt
balance, and secrete hormones
osmotic gradient in the nephron - Correct Answers -300 (cortex) to 1200 (inner medulla)
site of filtrate - Correct Answers -renal corpuscle
site of reabsorption of 70% water, nutrients, and ions - Correct Answers -proximal
convoluted tubule
impermeable to salt - Correct Answers -descending loop of Henle
impermeable to water - Correct Answers -ascending loop of Henle
urine reabsorption may occur here - Correct Answers -papillary collecitng duct
flow of blood supply in the nephron - Correct Answers -renal artery, afferent arteriole,
glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, to renal vein
what type makes up 85% of nephrons - Correct Answers -cortical
unique characteristics to juxtamedullary nephron - Correct Answers -creates OSMOTIC
gradient and has longer loops of Henle
type of capillaries in the glomerulus - Correct Answers -fenestrated
unique to Bowmans capsule - Correct Answers -podocytes
where the afferent arteriole connects to the distal convoluted tubule - Correct Answers -
juxtaglomerular apparatus
where can you find macula densa and what do they do - Correct Answers -distal
convoluted tubule and they have osmoreceptors to initiate tubuloglomerular feedback
mechanism (aka dilate afferent arteriole)
what do cells in the afferent arteriole secrete - Correct Answers -renin
, definition of filtration - Correct Answers -bulk flow of PROTEIN FREE plasma from the
glomerulus into the nephron
where can you find the renal corpuscle and the convoluted tubules - Correct Answers -
cortex of the nephron
detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder - Correct Answers -smooth muscle under
parasympathetic control that is inhibited during filling and stimulated during the
micturition reflex
histology of bladder - Correct Answers -transitional epithelium
micturition reflex - Correct Answers -reflex mediated by parasympathetic, voluntary
control through descending input from higher centers
stretch receptors on the bladder - Correct Answers -sensed by pelvic nerve that causes
the destrusor to contract and the sphincters to relax
main site of K+ secretion - Correct Answers -distal convoluted tubule
amount excreted = - Correct Answers -filtered + secreted - reabsorbed
what governs filtration - Correct Answers -bulk flow by blood pressure (hydrostatic)
favors filtration - Correct Answers -glomerular capillary blood pressure
usually has no affect on filtration but can oppose - Correct Answers -blood pressure in
Bowman's capsule
opposes filtration - Correct Answers -blood colloid osmotic pressure due to protein
normal GFR - Correct Answers -7.5 lit/hour
what keeps GFR at 7.5 lit/hour - Correct Answers -local control by renal autoregulation
(constrict/dilate arterioles by myogenic mechanism)
constrict afferent arteriole = - Correct Answers -decrease in GFR
dilate afferent arteriole = - Correct Answers -increase in GFR
3 membranes particles have to pass when reabsorbed - Correct Answers -apical,
basolateral, and endothelium of peritubular capillary
most reabsorbed particles - Correct Answers -water, glucose, Na+, and amino acids
ANSWERS
how many liters per day does the kidney filter - Correct Answers -180
what percent of the filtered fluid by kidneys is excreted in urine - Correct Answers -1%
functions of the kidneys - Correct Answers -excrete wastes, regulate water and salt
balance, and secrete hormones
osmotic gradient in the nephron - Correct Answers -300 (cortex) to 1200 (inner medulla)
site of filtrate - Correct Answers -renal corpuscle
site of reabsorption of 70% water, nutrients, and ions - Correct Answers -proximal
convoluted tubule
impermeable to salt - Correct Answers -descending loop of Henle
impermeable to water - Correct Answers -ascending loop of Henle
urine reabsorption may occur here - Correct Answers -papillary collecitng duct
flow of blood supply in the nephron - Correct Answers -renal artery, afferent arteriole,
glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, to renal vein
what type makes up 85% of nephrons - Correct Answers -cortical
unique characteristics to juxtamedullary nephron - Correct Answers -creates OSMOTIC
gradient and has longer loops of Henle
type of capillaries in the glomerulus - Correct Answers -fenestrated
unique to Bowmans capsule - Correct Answers -podocytes
where the afferent arteriole connects to the distal convoluted tubule - Correct Answers -
juxtaglomerular apparatus
where can you find macula densa and what do they do - Correct Answers -distal
convoluted tubule and they have osmoreceptors to initiate tubuloglomerular feedback
mechanism (aka dilate afferent arteriole)
what do cells in the afferent arteriole secrete - Correct Answers -renin
, definition of filtration - Correct Answers -bulk flow of PROTEIN FREE plasma from the
glomerulus into the nephron
where can you find the renal corpuscle and the convoluted tubules - Correct Answers -
cortex of the nephron
detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder - Correct Answers -smooth muscle under
parasympathetic control that is inhibited during filling and stimulated during the
micturition reflex
histology of bladder - Correct Answers -transitional epithelium
micturition reflex - Correct Answers -reflex mediated by parasympathetic, voluntary
control through descending input from higher centers
stretch receptors on the bladder - Correct Answers -sensed by pelvic nerve that causes
the destrusor to contract and the sphincters to relax
main site of K+ secretion - Correct Answers -distal convoluted tubule
amount excreted = - Correct Answers -filtered + secreted - reabsorbed
what governs filtration - Correct Answers -bulk flow by blood pressure (hydrostatic)
favors filtration - Correct Answers -glomerular capillary blood pressure
usually has no affect on filtration but can oppose - Correct Answers -blood pressure in
Bowman's capsule
opposes filtration - Correct Answers -blood colloid osmotic pressure due to protein
normal GFR - Correct Answers -7.5 lit/hour
what keeps GFR at 7.5 lit/hour - Correct Answers -local control by renal autoregulation
(constrict/dilate arterioles by myogenic mechanism)
constrict afferent arteriole = - Correct Answers -decrease in GFR
dilate afferent arteriole = - Correct Answers -increase in GFR
3 membranes particles have to pass when reabsorbed - Correct Answers -apical,
basolateral, and endothelium of peritubular capillary
most reabsorbed particles - Correct Answers -water, glucose, Na+, and amino acids
