EXAM 4 PNB 2265 REPRODUCTION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
the default system is female, so in order to get a male, this has to be suppressed -
Correct Answers -
primary reproductive organs - Correct Answers -female: ovaries
male: testis
function: gametogenesis such as sperm or oocytes, and also secretion of sex steroids
(androgens, estrogen, and progesterone)
accessory reproduce organs - Correct Answers -includes the duct systems and the
glands opening into these ducts
testis - Correct Answers -each testis is enclosed in protective connective tissue
membrane some of which form septa which subdivide the internal space within a teste
into lobules. each lobule contains thin, long, and convoluted, seminiferous tubules. the
seminiferous tubules contain 2 types of cells: a group of support cells called Sertoli cells
(sustentacular) and germ cells that continuously produce sperm at puberty. these 2
types of cells are required for gametogenesis: the meiotic cells that become sperm and
the support cells that are required for the process to happen. the spaces between the
seminiferous tubules are interstitial and they contain leydig cells. these cells make
androgen such as testosterone which is the other function of the testis.
cross section of seminiferous tubules - Correct Answers -tails of the spermeatozoa are
protruding into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
within the seminiferous tubules, we see purple stained Sertoli cells in close contact with
the developing sperm. at the periphery, we have spermatogonia which are primordial
cells. as they go through meiotic division to produce spermatids, they then go into
spermatogenesis to develop into spermatozoa and the tails face the lumen of the
seminiferous tubules. outside of the seminiferous tubules we have the interstitial leydig
cells.
the accessory glands are the duct system and the glans that feed into those ducts -
Correct Answers -duct system:
- on top of the testis, the epididymis which is a long convoluted duct which not only
stores sperm. sperm also mature here. mature sperm means motile
- the vas deferens transport sperm away from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts
which empty into the urethra.
, the erectile tissue of the penis is contained in 3 structures/bodies - Correct Answers -
laterally, 2 paired corpora cavernosum
and surround the urethra, one corpus spongiosum
it involves a network of veins surrounding a central artery
more accessory glands are seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbarethral gland -
Correct Answers -these glands produce the fluid that make up semen
the seminal vesicles - Correct Answers -paired glands secrete a viscous, alkaline fluid
that contains fructose/nutrients to nourish sperm and contains prostaglandins.
makes up a large portion of the total volume of semen
the medial portion of each seminal vesicle merges with vas deferens to form the
ejaculatory duct
the prostate gland opens in the urethra and also contributes fluid which contains
enzymes that activate sperm (acid phosphatase and fibrinolysin)
since one form of acid phosphatase is specific to this prostate gland and is elevated
with prostate cancer, it can be used as a marker to follow progress on treatment for
prostate cancer.
the bulbourethral gland opens into the urethra and lubricates and neutralizes any acidic
urine remaining in the urethra prior to ejaculation.
- Correct Answers -when spermatozoa are released into the lumen of the seminiferous
tubules, it will then move to the rete testis, then efferent ductules, and then to the
epididymis. sperm are stored here and matured. when its time for ejaculation, the sperm
will go out through the vas deferens, to the ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicles, next
is to the urethra, with secretions from the bulbourethral glands and prostate glands.
female gonad - Correct Answers -ovary whose cortex contains ovarian follicles
duct system:
- 2 fallopian/uterine tubes and the fimbriae on the distal ends
- uterine cavity
when an oocyte is released from ovary, it is released into the abdominal pelvic cavity
since fimbrae and ovary are not connected. the cilia within fimbriae beat to create
currents which Bring the oocytes towards it and into the Fallopian tube.
it also includes the uterine cavity into which each Fallopian tube opens, the distal
portion of the uterus terminates in the cervix which then leads to the vagina
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
the default system is female, so in order to get a male, this has to be suppressed -
Correct Answers -
primary reproductive organs - Correct Answers -female: ovaries
male: testis
function: gametogenesis such as sperm or oocytes, and also secretion of sex steroids
(androgens, estrogen, and progesterone)
accessory reproduce organs - Correct Answers -includes the duct systems and the
glands opening into these ducts
testis - Correct Answers -each testis is enclosed in protective connective tissue
membrane some of which form septa which subdivide the internal space within a teste
into lobules. each lobule contains thin, long, and convoluted, seminiferous tubules. the
seminiferous tubules contain 2 types of cells: a group of support cells called Sertoli cells
(sustentacular) and germ cells that continuously produce sperm at puberty. these 2
types of cells are required for gametogenesis: the meiotic cells that become sperm and
the support cells that are required for the process to happen. the spaces between the
seminiferous tubules are interstitial and they contain leydig cells. these cells make
androgen such as testosterone which is the other function of the testis.
cross section of seminiferous tubules - Correct Answers -tails of the spermeatozoa are
protruding into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
within the seminiferous tubules, we see purple stained Sertoli cells in close contact with
the developing sperm. at the periphery, we have spermatogonia which are primordial
cells. as they go through meiotic division to produce spermatids, they then go into
spermatogenesis to develop into spermatozoa and the tails face the lumen of the
seminiferous tubules. outside of the seminiferous tubules we have the interstitial leydig
cells.
the accessory glands are the duct system and the glans that feed into those ducts -
Correct Answers -duct system:
- on top of the testis, the epididymis which is a long convoluted duct which not only
stores sperm. sperm also mature here. mature sperm means motile
- the vas deferens transport sperm away from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts
which empty into the urethra.
, the erectile tissue of the penis is contained in 3 structures/bodies - Correct Answers -
laterally, 2 paired corpora cavernosum
and surround the urethra, one corpus spongiosum
it involves a network of veins surrounding a central artery
more accessory glands are seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbarethral gland -
Correct Answers -these glands produce the fluid that make up semen
the seminal vesicles - Correct Answers -paired glands secrete a viscous, alkaline fluid
that contains fructose/nutrients to nourish sperm and contains prostaglandins.
makes up a large portion of the total volume of semen
the medial portion of each seminal vesicle merges with vas deferens to form the
ejaculatory duct
the prostate gland opens in the urethra and also contributes fluid which contains
enzymes that activate sperm (acid phosphatase and fibrinolysin)
since one form of acid phosphatase is specific to this prostate gland and is elevated
with prostate cancer, it can be used as a marker to follow progress on treatment for
prostate cancer.
the bulbourethral gland opens into the urethra and lubricates and neutralizes any acidic
urine remaining in the urethra prior to ejaculation.
- Correct Answers -when spermatozoa are released into the lumen of the seminiferous
tubules, it will then move to the rete testis, then efferent ductules, and then to the
epididymis. sperm are stored here and matured. when its time for ejaculation, the sperm
will go out through the vas deferens, to the ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicles, next
is to the urethra, with secretions from the bulbourethral glands and prostate glands.
female gonad - Correct Answers -ovary whose cortex contains ovarian follicles
duct system:
- 2 fallopian/uterine tubes and the fimbriae on the distal ends
- uterine cavity
when an oocyte is released from ovary, it is released into the abdominal pelvic cavity
since fimbrae and ovary are not connected. the cilia within fimbriae beat to create
currents which Bring the oocytes towards it and into the Fallopian tube.
it also includes the uterine cavity into which each Fallopian tube opens, the distal
portion of the uterus terminates in the cervix which then leads to the vagina
