PSYCHOLOGY 100 EXAMINATION TEST QUESTIONS ANSD SOLUTIONS RATED
A
✔✔love article (HRT study) - ✔✔Medical practice got ahead of medical science. We
made observations and developed hypotheses and then forgot to prove them. We start
with observational studies, in which researchers look at goups of people to see if we
can find any clues about disease. But all this observation can do is find associations: it
cannot prove cause and effect. It was not clear whether hormones made women helthy
or whether healthy women took hormones. To answer this question we needed
reandomized, controlled reasearch
✔✔randomized study - ✔✔
✔✔longitudinal - ✔✔research in which the same people are studied and retested over a
long period of time.
✔✔cross-sectional - ✔✔a study in which people of different ages are compared with
one another
✔✔marrassmus - ✔✔affect, emotion , lack of affect of emotion Need to touch people by
body contact
✔✔emotion - ✔✔a response of the whole organism, involving bodily arousal, expressive
behaviors, and conscious experience
✔✔emotional intelligence - ✔✔the ability to perceive, understand, manage and use
emotions.
✔✔cognitive - ✔✔the theory that we act to reduce the discomort we feel when two of
our thoughts clash, for example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our
actions don't match, we may change our attitudes so that we feel more comfortable.
✔✔critical periods - ✔✔a period early in life when exposure to certain stimuli or
experiences is needed for proper development.
✔✔fraternal - ✔✔twins who develop from separate eggs. They are genetically no closer
that non twins, but they share a prenatal environment.
✔✔identical - ✔✔twins who devlop from a single egg that splits in two, creating two
genetically identical siblings
✔✔x-y - ✔✔sex hormone
, ✔✔Harlow U of Wis research (contact) monkees - ✔✔In the Harlow's experiements,
monkeys reaised with artificial mothers were terror-stricken when placed in strange
situations without those mothers. Comfort body contact, marasmus, need to have body
contact and tourch
✔✔Erikson (security and trust) - ✔✔believed that securely attached children approach
life with a sense of basic trust-a sense that the world is predictable and realiable. This
lifelong attitude of trust rather than fear, they said, flows from children's interactions with
sensitive, loving caregivers.
Erikson believed the following:
we must resolve a specific crisis at each stage of life.
Forming identity: our sense of self; accourding to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to
solidify a sense of self by testing and blending various roles.
Social identity: the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am
I?" that comes from our group membership.
Intimacy: in Erickson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary
developmental task in early adulthood.
✔✔Piaget theory - ✔✔Piaget believed that children construct their understanding of the
world as they interact with it. Their minds go through spurts of change, he believed,
followed by greater stability as they move from one level to the next. In his view,
cognitive development consisted of four major stages:
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
formal operational
✔✔Piaget theory: Sensorimotor stage - ✔✔in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to
nearly 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory
impressions and motor activities.
✔✔Piaget theory: Object permanence - ✔✔the awareness that things continue to exist
even when not preceived; cannot understand cause/effect; stranger anxiety
✔✔Piaget theory: Preoperational stage - ✔✔In Piaget's theory, the stage from 2-6 or 7
in which a child learns to use language but cannot yet perform the mental operations of
concrete logic; ego centric; everything revolves aroudn them. Cognitive stage; pre-
operational; begins to understand cause/effect
✔✔Piaget theory: Concrete Operational Stage - ✔✔in Piaget's theory, the stage of
cognitive development (from about age 6 or 7 to 11) during which children gain the
mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
Manipulate/touch it; beginning of abstractions (pre algebra) mathematical
transformations
A
✔✔love article (HRT study) - ✔✔Medical practice got ahead of medical science. We
made observations and developed hypotheses and then forgot to prove them. We start
with observational studies, in which researchers look at goups of people to see if we
can find any clues about disease. But all this observation can do is find associations: it
cannot prove cause and effect. It was not clear whether hormones made women helthy
or whether healthy women took hormones. To answer this question we needed
reandomized, controlled reasearch
✔✔randomized study - ✔✔
✔✔longitudinal - ✔✔research in which the same people are studied and retested over a
long period of time.
✔✔cross-sectional - ✔✔a study in which people of different ages are compared with
one another
✔✔marrassmus - ✔✔affect, emotion , lack of affect of emotion Need to touch people by
body contact
✔✔emotion - ✔✔a response of the whole organism, involving bodily arousal, expressive
behaviors, and conscious experience
✔✔emotional intelligence - ✔✔the ability to perceive, understand, manage and use
emotions.
✔✔cognitive - ✔✔the theory that we act to reduce the discomort we feel when two of
our thoughts clash, for example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our
actions don't match, we may change our attitudes so that we feel more comfortable.
✔✔critical periods - ✔✔a period early in life when exposure to certain stimuli or
experiences is needed for proper development.
✔✔fraternal - ✔✔twins who develop from separate eggs. They are genetically no closer
that non twins, but they share a prenatal environment.
✔✔identical - ✔✔twins who devlop from a single egg that splits in two, creating two
genetically identical siblings
✔✔x-y - ✔✔sex hormone
, ✔✔Harlow U of Wis research (contact) monkees - ✔✔In the Harlow's experiements,
monkeys reaised with artificial mothers were terror-stricken when placed in strange
situations without those mothers. Comfort body contact, marasmus, need to have body
contact and tourch
✔✔Erikson (security and trust) - ✔✔believed that securely attached children approach
life with a sense of basic trust-a sense that the world is predictable and realiable. This
lifelong attitude of trust rather than fear, they said, flows from children's interactions with
sensitive, loving caregivers.
Erikson believed the following:
we must resolve a specific crisis at each stage of life.
Forming identity: our sense of self; accourding to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to
solidify a sense of self by testing and blending various roles.
Social identity: the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am
I?" that comes from our group membership.
Intimacy: in Erickson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary
developmental task in early adulthood.
✔✔Piaget theory - ✔✔Piaget believed that children construct their understanding of the
world as they interact with it. Their minds go through spurts of change, he believed,
followed by greater stability as they move from one level to the next. In his view,
cognitive development consisted of four major stages:
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
formal operational
✔✔Piaget theory: Sensorimotor stage - ✔✔in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to
nearly 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory
impressions and motor activities.
✔✔Piaget theory: Object permanence - ✔✔the awareness that things continue to exist
even when not preceived; cannot understand cause/effect; stranger anxiety
✔✔Piaget theory: Preoperational stage - ✔✔In Piaget's theory, the stage from 2-6 or 7
in which a child learns to use language but cannot yet perform the mental operations of
concrete logic; ego centric; everything revolves aroudn them. Cognitive stage; pre-
operational; begins to understand cause/effect
✔✔Piaget theory: Concrete Operational Stage - ✔✔in Piaget's theory, the stage of
cognitive development (from about age 6 or 7 to 11) during which children gain the
mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
Manipulate/touch it; beginning of abstractions (pre algebra) mathematical
transformations
