PSYCH10 Midterm Paquette-Smith UCLA Questions and Answers Latest Update 2027

PSYCH10 Midterm Paquette-Smith UCLA Questions and Answers
Latest Update 2027

Question 1.
Psychology

Correct Answer: The scientific study of mind and behavior. Psyche = soul, spirit,
mind; Logos = the study of


Question 2.
Psychology in Ancient Civilizations

Correct Answer: -Ancient Egyptian doctors linked traumatic brain injuries to
behavioral changes -Ancient Greek Philosophers contemplated the origins of
knowledge: Nature (Plato) vs. Nurture (Aristotle) -> Plato = innatist (believed
that things are learned from birth) -> Aristotle = empiricist (you learn things
through your environment) -Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates developed the
world's first personality classification -> Greeks thought that if your blood,
phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile were all balanced, then you would be healthy


Question 3.
Historical Roots of Psychology

Correct Answer: -Psych = relatively new science -Psych has been influenced by
Philosophy and the Sciences (Physics, Evolution, Medicine/Physiology)


Question 4.
Influence of Evolution on Psychology

Correct Answer: -1800s -Charles Darwin -Evolution by natural selection ->
"Survival of the fittest" -> Behaviors are shaped by natural selection


Question 5.
Influence of Medicine on Psychology

Correct Answer: -1800s -Localization of brain function was studied using
Phrenology (study of the shape and size of the skull instead of character and
mental abilities) -Case studies of brain injury: Phineas Gage -> Phineas Gage's
job was to pack explosives into a hole -> explosion made rod go up Gage's head
-> prior to accident, Phineas was conscientious, hard-working, and polite ->
after the accident, Phineas swore a lot, had a temper, and was impulsive

,Question 6.
Contemporary Psychology

Correct Answer: -1879 = first experimental psychology laboratory -Reaction
time studies


Question 7.
Schools of Thought in Psychology

Correct Answer: -Structuralism vs. Functionalism -Behaviorism -Cognitive
psychology -Psychoanalytic -Cross-Cultural Psychology


Question 8.
Structuralism

Correct Answer: -Late 19th to early 20th century -Important historical figures:
Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener -Focus: How mind is structured, studied
consciousness by breaking it down into basic elements (via introspection)
-Fundamental issues b/c experience differs from individual to individual
-Introspection wasn't a good technique b/c it was very subjective


Question 9.
Functionalism

Correct Answer: -Late 19th to early 20th century (William James) -Influenced by
Darwin's Theory of Evolution -Focus: What the mind DOES and why?, purposed
of behavior -The study of the purpose and function of behaviors and mental
processes


Question 10.
Psychoanalytic Perspective

Correct Answer: -Late 19th to early 20th century -Important historical figures:
Sigmund Freud -Psychoanalytic theory = attempts to explain how behavior and
personality are influenced by unconscious processes -Ego (practical means of
our life), superego (balance between what we experience consciously and
unconsciously), and id (basic drives given at birth i.e. hunger, sex, shelter, etc.)


Question 11.
Behaviorism

Correct Answer: -Early to mid 20th century -Focus: Study of externally
observable behavior ONLY, not mental state -Behaviors were sets of stimuli and
responses -Behavior is less subjective and more scientific

, Question 12.
Cognitive Psychology/Neuroscience

Correct Answer: -Mid 20th century to present -Understanding what the mind is
doing during these experiments -Contrasts with Behaviorism b/c we want to
know WHY the mind does what it does -Studied under what conditions the brain
functioned best -Observed behavior wasn't enough-> what is happening INSIDE
the brain???


Question 13.
Cross-Cultural Psychology

Correct Answer: -1980s -> Greater interest in how cultural factors influence
behavior -A field that draws comparisons about individual and group behaviors
across cultures -aka comparing and contrasting behavior in different human
populations -The problem: most psychology studies are done on WEIRD
populations


Question 14.
WEIRD

Correct Answer: Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic


Question 15.
Psychology today

Correct Answer: Basic research:
-Biological/Physiological/Neuroscience -> Brains, neurons, neurochemicals
-Cognitive -> Thinking, memory, attention -Developmental -> Change over time
-Social -> How do people interact? Applied research:
-Clinical -> Mental illness -Educational -> Educational techniques, diagnosis
-Forensic -> Criminal and legal matters -Industrial-organizational -> In the
workplace Fuzzy boundaries:
-The distinction is not always clear -> At UCLA, Clinical Psychologists are largely
involved in research and not practice -Sub-areas overlap in their interests,
spawning new areas -> Social Cognitive Neuroscience


Question 16.
Why do we need to use research methods to study people?

Correct Answer: -The media can misinterpret or over simplify research findings
-Even things that may seem obvious are still worthy of scientific study -> Higher
quality education = better student outcomes -> Still need to understand what
aspects are beneficial -Assess reasons for research findings