BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology.Final Test
Paper 2026\2027.
Describe the function of the nucleolus
Produces ribosomes and RNA
Describe the function of the cell wall
Provides rigidity and protection to the cell
Describe the function of the chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll
Describe the function of the plasmodesmata
A channel through the cell wall the allows transport of
materials from one cell to another
Describe the function of the amyoplasts
Stores starch and converts starch back into glucose when
the plant needs energy
Describe the function of the vacuole
Stores water and chemicals for cell use. Also maintains
turgor of cell
Describe the function of the tonoplasts
Membrane the surrounds the vacuole. Protects the
vacuole, isolates it from harmful substances and controls
water flow in and out of the vacuole
,BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology.Final Test
Paper 2026\2027.
Why are gram positive bacteria more susceptible to
antibiotics?
Permeable cell wall whereas gram negative bacteria has a
semi-permeable cell wall
Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell
Closely packed together
Chloroplasts
Large vacuole
Explain why the palisade cell has a large amount of
chloroplasts
To absorb lots of light for photosynthesis
Explain why palisade cells are closely packed together
To form a continuous layer in the leaf
Explain why palisade cells have a large vacuole
To maintain turgor (pushes against the cell wall to
maintain rigid shape)
Describe the adaptations of a root hair cell
Root hair shape
Large vacuole
Thin cellulose walls
Explain why root hair cells have an elongated section
known as the root hair
, BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology.Final Test
Paper 2026\2027.
Increased surface area for maximum movement of water
into the cell
Explain why root hair cells have a large vacuole
Contains cell sap with low water potential to encourage
water into the cell
Explain why root hair cells have thin cellulose walls
Encourage movement of water and minerals into the cell.
Short distance for osmosis and diffusion
Describe the adaptations of a sperm cell
Lots of mitochondria
Shaped head containing acrosome (with enzymes)
Haploid nucleus
Tail for movement
Explain why a sperm cell has an undulipodium (tail)
To allow the sperm to move to the egg
Explain why sperm cells contain large numbers of
mitochondria
To produce the large amounts of energy needed for
movement
Explain why sperm cells have a shaped head
To push through the protective layer of the egg cell
Explain why sperm cells contain acrosome in the head
Paper 2026\2027.
Describe the function of the nucleolus
Produces ribosomes and RNA
Describe the function of the cell wall
Provides rigidity and protection to the cell
Describe the function of the chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll
Describe the function of the plasmodesmata
A channel through the cell wall the allows transport of
materials from one cell to another
Describe the function of the amyoplasts
Stores starch and converts starch back into glucose when
the plant needs energy
Describe the function of the vacuole
Stores water and chemicals for cell use. Also maintains
turgor of cell
Describe the function of the tonoplasts
Membrane the surrounds the vacuole. Protects the
vacuole, isolates it from harmful substances and controls
water flow in and out of the vacuole
,BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology.Final Test
Paper 2026\2027.
Why are gram positive bacteria more susceptible to
antibiotics?
Permeable cell wall whereas gram negative bacteria has a
semi-permeable cell wall
Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell
Closely packed together
Chloroplasts
Large vacuole
Explain why the palisade cell has a large amount of
chloroplasts
To absorb lots of light for photosynthesis
Explain why palisade cells are closely packed together
To form a continuous layer in the leaf
Explain why palisade cells have a large vacuole
To maintain turgor (pushes against the cell wall to
maintain rigid shape)
Describe the adaptations of a root hair cell
Root hair shape
Large vacuole
Thin cellulose walls
Explain why root hair cells have an elongated section
known as the root hair
, BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology.Final Test
Paper 2026\2027.
Increased surface area for maximum movement of water
into the cell
Explain why root hair cells have a large vacuole
Contains cell sap with low water potential to encourage
water into the cell
Explain why root hair cells have thin cellulose walls
Encourage movement of water and minerals into the cell.
Short distance for osmosis and diffusion
Describe the adaptations of a sperm cell
Lots of mitochondria
Shaped head containing acrosome (with enzymes)
Haploid nucleus
Tail for movement
Explain why a sperm cell has an undulipodium (tail)
To allow the sperm to move to the egg
Explain why sperm cells contain large numbers of
mitochondria
To produce the large amounts of energy needed for
movement
Explain why sperm cells have a shaped head
To push through the protective layer of the egg cell
Explain why sperm cells contain acrosome in the head
