TEST BANK APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR
THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE 1ST EDITION
BY LUCIE DLUGASCH, STORY: ISBN-10;
1284150453 / ISBN-13; 978 1284150452
Here is the complete question bank with every question, its options, the correct answer, and a rationale
for each correct answer based on the provided content.
---
### Chapter 1: Cellular Function
**1. The nucleus, which is essential for function and survival of the cell.**
A) is the site of protein synthesis
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms cellular energy
D) initiates aerobic metabolism
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** The nucleus contains the genetic code (DNA), which is essential for the function and
survival of the cell. Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes, energy transformation occurs in the
mitochondria, and aerobic metabolism is initiated in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
**2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell
because they:**
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
C) extract energy from organic compounds.
,D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Mitochondria are known as the power plants of the cell because they extract energy
from organic compounds through oxidative metabolism to produce ATP.
**3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the
specific membrane functions are carried out by:**
A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains.
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** The specific functions of the plasma membrane, such as transport, signaling, and
adhesion, are primarily carried out by bound and transmembrane proteins embedded in the lipid
bilayer.
**4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:**
A) displace surface receptor proteins.
B) accumulate within gap junctions.
C) act on the cell membrane.
D) are released into the extracellular fluid.
*(Note: The provided document only shows option A for this question. The correct answer is D based on
the answer key.)*
**Correct Answer: D**
**Rationale:** Cell-to-cell communication involves the release of chemical messengers into the
extracellular fluid to relay signals to other cells.
**5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:**
A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
,D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Aerobic metabolism provides energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water
in the electron transport chain, which generates ATP.
**6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in _____into the extracellular fluid.**
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Exocytosis is the process of removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized
substances, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, into the extracellular fluid.
**7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:**
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
B) millivoltage of electrical potential.
C) polarization of charged particles.
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Membrane potentials are generated and conducted by the diffusion of current-carrying
ions across the cell membrane.
**8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers. Which
of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?**
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not extend to surface
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on the basement membrane
C) Glandular epithelium: arises from epithelia that are specialized to produce secretions
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; the deepest layer rests on the basement
membrane
, *(Note: The provided document only shows option A for this question. The correct answer is C based on
the answer key.)*
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Glandular epithelium is correctly described as arising from epithelia that are specialized
to produce secretions.
**9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:**
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Fibroblasts are the primary cells in connective tissue responsible for synthesizing
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
**10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also known as involuntary
muscle) differs by:**
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Smooth muscle differs from skeletal and cardiac muscle by having dense bodies attached
to actin filaments instead of Z lines.
**11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)?**
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE 1ST EDITION
BY LUCIE DLUGASCH, STORY: ISBN-10;
1284150453 / ISBN-13; 978 1284150452
Here is the complete question bank with every question, its options, the correct answer, and a rationale
for each correct answer based on the provided content.
---
### Chapter 1: Cellular Function
**1. The nucleus, which is essential for function and survival of the cell.**
A) is the site of protein synthesis
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms cellular energy
D) initiates aerobic metabolism
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** The nucleus contains the genetic code (DNA), which is essential for the function and
survival of the cell. Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes, energy transformation occurs in the
mitochondria, and aerobic metabolism is initiated in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
**2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell
because they:**
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
C) extract energy from organic compounds.
,D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Mitochondria are known as the power plants of the cell because they extract energy
from organic compounds through oxidative metabolism to produce ATP.
**3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the
specific membrane functions are carried out by:**
A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains.
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** The specific functions of the plasma membrane, such as transport, signaling, and
adhesion, are primarily carried out by bound and transmembrane proteins embedded in the lipid
bilayer.
**4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:**
A) displace surface receptor proteins.
B) accumulate within gap junctions.
C) act on the cell membrane.
D) are released into the extracellular fluid.
*(Note: The provided document only shows option A for this question. The correct answer is D based on
the answer key.)*
**Correct Answer: D**
**Rationale:** Cell-to-cell communication involves the release of chemical messengers into the
extracellular fluid to relay signals to other cells.
**5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:**
A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
,D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Aerobic metabolism provides energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water
in the electron transport chain, which generates ATP.
**6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in _____into the extracellular fluid.**
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Exocytosis is the process of removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized
substances, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, into the extracellular fluid.
**7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:**
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
B) millivoltage of electrical potential.
C) polarization of charged particles.
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Membrane potentials are generated and conducted by the diffusion of current-carrying
ions across the cell membrane.
**8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers. Which
of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?**
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not extend to surface
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on the basement membrane
C) Glandular epithelium: arises from epithelia that are specialized to produce secretions
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; the deepest layer rests on the basement
membrane
, *(Note: The provided document only shows option A for this question. The correct answer is C based on
the answer key.)*
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Glandular epithelium is correctly described as arising from epithelia that are specialized
to produce secretions.
**9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:**
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Fibroblasts are the primary cells in connective tissue responsible for synthesizing
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
**10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also known as involuntary
muscle) differs by:**
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Smooth muscle differs from skeletal and cardiac muscle by having dense bodies attached
to actin filaments instead of Z lines.
**11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)?**
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
