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samenvatting spijsverteringsstelsel

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uitgebreide samenvatting spijsverteringsstelsel van semester 1

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Samenvatting spijsverteringsstelsel

- Katabolisme (afbraak, energiestofwisseling)
 glucose + O2  H2O + CO2 + energie
 energie = ATP (batterij met reserve aan energie) + warmte

- Anabolisme (opbouw, bouwstofwisseling)
 Met vrijgekomen energie en bouwstoffen (=substraten) complexe moleculen
opbouwen.

Cellen (= fundamentele stofwisselingseenheid) zijn weefsels in organen die samengevoegd
zijn in functiesystemen.
Cellen bevinden zich in tussencelvocht OF intercellulair vocht waaruit ze metabolieten
opnemen en waarin ze afvalstoffen afgeven.

Topografie




sagittaal frontaal transversaal
of of
coronaal horizontaal

palmair = handpalm
ventraal (anterior) = buikzijde
dorsaal (posterior) = rugzijde
mediaal = binnenkant
lateraal = buitenkant
craniaal = hoofd (boven)
caudaal = onder
proximaal = richting aanhechtingspunt
distaal = weg van aanhechtingspunt
superior = boven
inferior = onder




1

, Spijsverteringsstelsel
1.Voedingsstoffen
Functies M-D stelsel:
- Peri staltische bewegingen (onwillekeurig, ritmisch samentrekken en ontspannen van
spieren in wand)
- Se cretie van verteringssappen (sappen bevatten enzymen die voedingsstoffen verteren
tot resorbeerbare moleculen = substraten voor stofwisseling)
- Re sorberen of ab sorberen (overdracht substraten aan circulatie)
- Endo criene zelfregulatie

Verschil excretie en endocretie:
Excretie = uitscheiding naar darmen van enzymen
Endocretie = naar bloed via tussencelvocht naar cellen (=hormonen)

Voedingsstoffen:
- Energiebronnen
 Koolhydraten (glucose)
 Vetten (vetzuren)
- Bouwstoffen
 Eiwitten (aminozuren)
 Mineralen
 H2O
- Vitamines

2.Spijsverteringskanaal
Spijsverteringsstelsel = gastro-intestinaal stelsel = maag-darm stelsel

Ligging: deel thoracaal (borstkas) en deel abdominaal (buik)


Mucosa = slijmvlies
 Slijmproducerende cellen
 Klieren
 Muscularis mucosae

Sunmucosa
 Bloedvaten, lymfevaten,
zenuwen, lymfatisch weefsel

Muscularis
 Circulaire spierlaag
 Longitudinale spierlaag

Serosa (vlies over organen)
 = visceraal blad van peritoneum
(buikvlies)


2

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