TEST BANK FOR APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE 1ST
EDITION BY LUCIE DLUGASCH,STORY: ISBN-10;
1284150453 / ISBN 13; 978- 1284150452
SCORED A+/ALL CHAPTERS COVERED
# TEST BANK FOR APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE 1ST EDITION BY
LUCIE DLUGASCH, STORY
## Chapter 1: Cellular Function
**1. The nucleus, which is essential for function and survival of the cell.**
- A) is the site of protein synthesis
- B) contains the genetic code
- C) transforms cellular energy
- D) initiates aerobic metabolism
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** The nucleus contains the genetic code (DNA), which is essential for cell function and
survival. Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes (A), energy transformation occurs in the
mitochondria (C), and aerobic metabolism is initiated in the mitochondria (D).
---
**2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell
because they:**
- A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
,- B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
- C) extract energy from organic compounds.
- D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds through oxidative metabolism to
produce ATP. They do not contain RNA for protein synthesis (A), glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (B),
and calcium storage is primarily in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (D).
---
**3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the
specific membrane functions are carried out by:**
- A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
- B) complex, long carbohydrate chains.
- C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
- D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Bound and transmembrane proteins carry out most specific membrane functions,
including transport, signaling, and cell recognition. Carbohydrate chains (B) are involved in cell
recognition but do not carry out most functions. Surface antigens and hormone receptors (C) are
examples of proteins, not the general category. Ion channels (D) are a type of protein but do not
represent all membrane functions.
---
**4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:**
- A) displace surface receptor proteins.
**Correct Answer: D** (Note: The question and options are incomplete in the source material. The
answer key indicates D.)
,---
**5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:**
- A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
- B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
- C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
- D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Aerobic metabolism combines hydrogen and oxygen to form water, producing ATP.
Removing phosphate bonds from ATP (A) releases energy but is not aerobic metabolism. Activating
pyruvate (C) occurs in anaerobic metabolism. Breaking down glucose to lactic acid (D) is anaerobic
glycolysis.
---
**6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the extracellular fluid.**
- A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
- B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
- C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
- D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Exocytosis removes cellular debris and releases synthesized substances into the
extracellular fluid. Engulfing and ingesting (A) describes endocytosis. Killing and degrading (B) describes
lysosomal function. Destruction by lysosomal enzymes (D) describes intracellular digestion, not
exocytosis.
---
, **7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:**
- A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
- B) millivoltage of electrical potential.
- C) polarization of charged particles.
- D) ion channel neurotransmission.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Diffusion of current-carrying ions generates and conducts membrane potentials.
Millivoltage (B) is a measurement, not a process. Polarization (C) is a state, not the process itself. Ion
channel neurotransmission (D) is a specific type of signaling, not the general process.
---
**8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers. Which
of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?**
- A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not extend to surface
- B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement membrane
- C) Simple epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement membrane
- D) Glandular epithelium: arises from surface epithelia; lines body cavities
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Simple epithelium is a single layer of cells, all resting on the basement membrane.
Option A describes pseudostratified epithelium. Option B incorrectly describes stratified epithelium.
Option D describes glandular epithelium incorrectly.
---
**9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:**
- A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
- B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE 1ST
EDITION BY LUCIE DLUGASCH,STORY: ISBN-10;
1284150453 / ISBN 13; 978- 1284150452
SCORED A+/ALL CHAPTERS COVERED
# TEST BANK FOR APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE 1ST EDITION BY
LUCIE DLUGASCH, STORY
## Chapter 1: Cellular Function
**1. The nucleus, which is essential for function and survival of the cell.**
- A) is the site of protein synthesis
- B) contains the genetic code
- C) transforms cellular energy
- D) initiates aerobic metabolism
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** The nucleus contains the genetic code (DNA), which is essential for cell function and
survival. Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes (A), energy transformation occurs in the
mitochondria (C), and aerobic metabolism is initiated in the mitochondria (D).
---
**2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell
because they:**
- A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
,- B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
- C) extract energy from organic compounds.
- D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds through oxidative metabolism to
produce ATP. They do not contain RNA for protein synthesis (A), glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (B),
and calcium storage is primarily in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (D).
---
**3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the
specific membrane functions are carried out by:**
- A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
- B) complex, long carbohydrate chains.
- C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
- D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Bound and transmembrane proteins carry out most specific membrane functions,
including transport, signaling, and cell recognition. Carbohydrate chains (B) are involved in cell
recognition but do not carry out most functions. Surface antigens and hormone receptors (C) are
examples of proteins, not the general category. Ion channels (D) are a type of protein but do not
represent all membrane functions.
---
**4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:**
- A) displace surface receptor proteins.
**Correct Answer: D** (Note: The question and options are incomplete in the source material. The
answer key indicates D.)
,---
**5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:**
- A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
- B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
- C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
- D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Aerobic metabolism combines hydrogen and oxygen to form water, producing ATP.
Removing phosphate bonds from ATP (A) releases energy but is not aerobic metabolism. Activating
pyruvate (C) occurs in anaerobic metabolism. Breaking down glucose to lactic acid (D) is anaerobic
glycolysis.
---
**6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the extracellular fluid.**
- A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
- B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
- C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
- D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Exocytosis removes cellular debris and releases synthesized substances into the
extracellular fluid. Engulfing and ingesting (A) describes endocytosis. Killing and degrading (B) describes
lysosomal function. Destruction by lysosomal enzymes (D) describes intracellular digestion, not
exocytosis.
---
, **7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:**
- A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
- B) millivoltage of electrical potential.
- C) polarization of charged particles.
- D) ion channel neurotransmission.
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Diffusion of current-carrying ions generates and conducts membrane potentials.
Millivoltage (B) is a measurement, not a process. Polarization (C) is a state, not the process itself. Ion
channel neurotransmission (D) is a specific type of signaling, not the general process.
---
**8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers. Which
of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?**
- A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not extend to surface
- B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement membrane
- C) Simple epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement membrane
- D) Glandular epithelium: arises from surface epithelia; lines body cavities
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Simple epithelium is a single layer of cells, all resting on the basement membrane.
Option A describes pseudostratified epithelium. Option B incorrectly describes stratified epithelium.
Option D describes glandular epithelium incorrectly.
---
**9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:**
- A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
- B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
