UNL PHIL 106: final exam 2026 Comprehensive Questions And Verified
Answers/ Complete Solutions With Rationales |Get It 100% Accurate!!!
Already Graded A+
Pluralism - (answer)There is more than one fundamental moral rule
Ex: Ross
Monism - (answer)There is just one fundamental moral rule
Ex: Kant's categorical imperative
How does W.D. Ross's approach to the moral rule against promise breaking differ from utilitarian
approach and the Kantian approach? - (answer)Kant- Formulate maxim, test the maxim and see if you
could achieve that purpose in a world when everyone was performing that maxim
Apply this to promise breaking
Ross- said it is okay to break promises to fill another, conflicting prima facie duty or final duty
What is a prima facie duty? - (answer)A permanent, excellent but not absolute reason to do something
How do we know what prima facie duties are? - (answer)We know what prima facie duties are because
they are self evident;
Evident without any need of proof or of evidence beyond itself
Final duty - (answer)If you have a prima facie duty to do X and dont have a prima facie duty not to do X
than you have a final duty to do X
What do philosophers mean when they object that Ross's theory doesn't provide any guidance? -
(answer)Ross's theory does not provide guidance of what a person should do when two prima facie
duties conflict
Ross's reply: is that we shouldn't expect there to be any such rule or behavior
,UNL PHIL 106: final exam 2026 Comprehensive Questions And Verified
Answers/ Complete Solutions With Rationales |Get It 100% Accurate!!!
Already Graded A+
What is moral particularism? - (answer)The belief that there are no moral rules - neither absolute moral
rules nor prima facie rules
How could one object to moral pluralism? - (answer)???
For virtue ethics, what is the relationship between the questions, "what is it to be a good person" and
"Which actions are right"? - (answer)An act is morally right just because it is one that a virtuous person,
acting in character, would do in this situation
Find out moral role models first
Ask: "what would those moral role models do in this situation?"
The answer to that question is the right action to do
How does virtue ethics approach to theses questions differ from approaches, such as those of utilitarian
and Kantian? - (answer)Virtue ethicists decide what is morally okay based on if their role models would
do it
Kantianism and utilitarianism are the opposite: decide what actions are right if a person performs those
morally right actions they are considered a good person
According to virtue ethicists, which actions are right? - (answer)An act is morally right just because it is
one that a virtuous person, acting in character would do in the situation
What did Aristotle mean when he said that virtue lies in a mean between two extremes?Doctrine of
mean example: - (answer)The virtue of courage
Cowardice- Afraid of everything is one extreme
Rashness- not afraid of anything is the other extreme
According to the Doctrine of Mean Aristotle thinks that you should be somewhere in the middle of these
two extremes
, UNL PHIL 106: final exam 2026 Comprehensive Questions And Verified
Answers/ Complete Solutions With Rationales |Get It 100% Accurate!!!
Already Graded A+
He calls this fearful to the right degree, towards the right things = courage (the mean)
How do people acquire virtue? - (answer)Habitual behavior:
You know you have acquired a virtuous trait when you feel pleasure when performing virtuous actions
"You can't come up with a precise set of moral rules and principles but a person with "practice and
wisdom" will see what the right thing to do is
Explain some objections to virtue ethics - (answer)1. Its too demanding
2. It gives the wrong answer in some cases (sometimes when we ask what would a virtuous person do it
is the wrong answer)
3. It doesn't tell us how to pick role models
4. It doesn't tell us what we should do when there is more than one role model who should we follow
5. Euthryphro objection
Euthyphro objection to virtue ethics - (answer)"Why does this virtuous person help someone in need?"
1. For no reason at all?
-That's not really virtuous, so he wouldn't be a virtuous person
2. For a reason?
-Then those reasons for helping someone and not the fact that a virtuous person would help explains
why it is right to help
According to Hyde Lindeman, how is feminist ethics concerned with both description and prescription -
(answer)Feminist ethics goal is describing how things are and then prescribing how they ought to be
What are the core commitments of feminism? - (answer)1. The ethics of care-
Answers/ Complete Solutions With Rationales |Get It 100% Accurate!!!
Already Graded A+
Pluralism - (answer)There is more than one fundamental moral rule
Ex: Ross
Monism - (answer)There is just one fundamental moral rule
Ex: Kant's categorical imperative
How does W.D. Ross's approach to the moral rule against promise breaking differ from utilitarian
approach and the Kantian approach? - (answer)Kant- Formulate maxim, test the maxim and see if you
could achieve that purpose in a world when everyone was performing that maxim
Apply this to promise breaking
Ross- said it is okay to break promises to fill another, conflicting prima facie duty or final duty
What is a prima facie duty? - (answer)A permanent, excellent but not absolute reason to do something
How do we know what prima facie duties are? - (answer)We know what prima facie duties are because
they are self evident;
Evident without any need of proof or of evidence beyond itself
Final duty - (answer)If you have a prima facie duty to do X and dont have a prima facie duty not to do X
than you have a final duty to do X
What do philosophers mean when they object that Ross's theory doesn't provide any guidance? -
(answer)Ross's theory does not provide guidance of what a person should do when two prima facie
duties conflict
Ross's reply: is that we shouldn't expect there to be any such rule or behavior
,UNL PHIL 106: final exam 2026 Comprehensive Questions And Verified
Answers/ Complete Solutions With Rationales |Get It 100% Accurate!!!
Already Graded A+
What is moral particularism? - (answer)The belief that there are no moral rules - neither absolute moral
rules nor prima facie rules
How could one object to moral pluralism? - (answer)???
For virtue ethics, what is the relationship between the questions, "what is it to be a good person" and
"Which actions are right"? - (answer)An act is morally right just because it is one that a virtuous person,
acting in character, would do in this situation
Find out moral role models first
Ask: "what would those moral role models do in this situation?"
The answer to that question is the right action to do
How does virtue ethics approach to theses questions differ from approaches, such as those of utilitarian
and Kantian? - (answer)Virtue ethicists decide what is morally okay based on if their role models would
do it
Kantianism and utilitarianism are the opposite: decide what actions are right if a person performs those
morally right actions they are considered a good person
According to virtue ethicists, which actions are right? - (answer)An act is morally right just because it is
one that a virtuous person, acting in character would do in the situation
What did Aristotle mean when he said that virtue lies in a mean between two extremes?Doctrine of
mean example: - (answer)The virtue of courage
Cowardice- Afraid of everything is one extreme
Rashness- not afraid of anything is the other extreme
According to the Doctrine of Mean Aristotle thinks that you should be somewhere in the middle of these
two extremes
, UNL PHIL 106: final exam 2026 Comprehensive Questions And Verified
Answers/ Complete Solutions With Rationales |Get It 100% Accurate!!!
Already Graded A+
He calls this fearful to the right degree, towards the right things = courage (the mean)
How do people acquire virtue? - (answer)Habitual behavior:
You know you have acquired a virtuous trait when you feel pleasure when performing virtuous actions
"You can't come up with a precise set of moral rules and principles but a person with "practice and
wisdom" will see what the right thing to do is
Explain some objections to virtue ethics - (answer)1. Its too demanding
2. It gives the wrong answer in some cases (sometimes when we ask what would a virtuous person do it
is the wrong answer)
3. It doesn't tell us how to pick role models
4. It doesn't tell us what we should do when there is more than one role model who should we follow
5. Euthryphro objection
Euthyphro objection to virtue ethics - (answer)"Why does this virtuous person help someone in need?"
1. For no reason at all?
-That's not really virtuous, so he wouldn't be a virtuous person
2. For a reason?
-Then those reasons for helping someone and not the fact that a virtuous person would help explains
why it is right to help
According to Hyde Lindeman, how is feminist ethics concerned with both description and prescription -
(answer)Feminist ethics goal is describing how things are and then prescribing how they ought to be
What are the core commitments of feminism? - (answer)1. The ethics of care-
