NURS 3730 Final Exam 1 Questions and
All Correct Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
what are the national patient safety goals? - Answer 1. correct procedure on correct patient at
correct body positions
2. correct site parking
3. pause before surgery for time out
what to obtain from patient during preoperative phase? - Answer -history with ROS
-medical and surgical hx (including anesthesia hx)
-drug and substance use
^ tobacco increases the risk of pulmonary complications
^ alcohol alters response to anesthesia and pain...withdrawal can cause delirium tremors
what to assess in the preoperative phase? - Answer baseline VS
CV - HTN, hx of VTE/DVT, etc
respiratory - baseline
kidney - affects effectiveness of drugs
neurologic - orientation, GCS
musculoskeletal - ROM, etc
nutrition - decr. protein intake can slow recovery
skin - temp, breakdown, etc
psychosocial - anxiety/fear
,diagnostic assessments to get in the preoperative phase - Answer urinalysis
blood type and screen
CBC or H&H
* incr. K+ = incr. risk of dysrhythmias
* decr. K+ = slower recovery
clotting studies (PT, INR, aPTT)
metabolic panel
preg test
CXR
CR/MRI
EKG
how to minimize anxiety during the preoperative phase - Answer encourage communication
promote rest
use distraction
teach the caregiver
how can degenerative changes in myocardium and valves place an older adult at higher risk
during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer decreased cardiac reserve puts
older adults at risk for decreased CO, specially during times of stress
assess baseline VS for tachycardia, fatigue, and arrhythmias
how can rigidity of arterial walls and reduction in SNS and PNS innervation to the heart place an
older adult at higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer
alterations predispose patient to post op hemorrhage and rise in systolic and diastolic BP
,maintain adequate fluid balance to minimize stress to the heart. ensure that BP is adequate to
meet circulatory demands
how can increased calcium and cholesterol deposits within small arteries as well as thickened
arterial walls place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about
it? - Answer predispose patient to clot formation in lower extremities
instruct patient in leg exercises and proper turning. apply elastic stockings or intermittent
pneumatic compression devices. give anticoagulants. provide education about effects and
dietary restrictions
how can decreased SQ tissue and increased fragility of skin place an older adult at higher risk
during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer prone to pressure injuries and
skin tears
assess skin Q4h; pad all bony prominences during surgery; turn or reposition at least Q2-3h
how can decreased respiratory muscle strength and cough reflex place an older adult at higher
risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer increased risk for atelectasis
instruct patient to cough and deep breath and use incentive spirometer. ensure adequate pain
control
how can reduced ROM in diaphragm place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what
can the nurse do about it? - Answer residual capacity increased, reducing amount of new air
brought into lungs with each inspiration
when possible, have patient ambulate and sit in chair frequently
how can stiffened lung tissue and enlarged air spaces place an older adult at higher risk during
surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer blood oxygenation reduced
obtain baseline O2 sat; measure throughout periop period
how can delayed gastric emptying place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what
can the nurse do about it? - Answer increases risk for reflux and indigestion
position patient with HOB elevated at least 45 degrees. Reduce size of meals
, how can decreased renal function with reduced blood flow to kidneys place an older adult at
higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer increased risk of
shock when blood loss occurs; increased risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance
for pts hospitalized before surgery, determine baseline UO for 24 hours
how can reduced glomerular filtration rate and excretory times place an older adult at higher
risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer limited ability to eliminate
drugs or toxic substances
assess for adverse responses to drugs
how can decreased bladder capacity place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what
can the nurse do about it? - Answer increased risk for urgency, incontinence, and UTI
tell pt to notify nurse when fullness of bladder develops. toliet every 2 hours or more
how can sensory losses, including reduced tactile sense and increased pain tolerance place an
older adult at higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer
decreased ability to respond to early warning signs of sx complications
inspect bony prominences for signs of pressure that patient is unable to sense
how can febrile response during surgery place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and
what can the nurse do about it? - Answer increased risk of undiagnosed infection
ensure careful, close monitoring of patient temperature; provide warm blankets; monitor heart
function; warm IVF
how can decreased reaction time place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what
can the nurse do about it? - Answer confusion and delirium after anesthesia; increased risk for
falls
allow adequate time to respond, process info, and perform tasks. perform fall risk screening and
have fall precautions. orient to reality
how can lower BMR place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse
do about it? - Answer reduced total oxygen consumption
All Correct Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
what are the national patient safety goals? - Answer 1. correct procedure on correct patient at
correct body positions
2. correct site parking
3. pause before surgery for time out
what to obtain from patient during preoperative phase? - Answer -history with ROS
-medical and surgical hx (including anesthesia hx)
-drug and substance use
^ tobacco increases the risk of pulmonary complications
^ alcohol alters response to anesthesia and pain...withdrawal can cause delirium tremors
what to assess in the preoperative phase? - Answer baseline VS
CV - HTN, hx of VTE/DVT, etc
respiratory - baseline
kidney - affects effectiveness of drugs
neurologic - orientation, GCS
musculoskeletal - ROM, etc
nutrition - decr. protein intake can slow recovery
skin - temp, breakdown, etc
psychosocial - anxiety/fear
,diagnostic assessments to get in the preoperative phase - Answer urinalysis
blood type and screen
CBC or H&H
* incr. K+ = incr. risk of dysrhythmias
* decr. K+ = slower recovery
clotting studies (PT, INR, aPTT)
metabolic panel
preg test
CXR
CR/MRI
EKG
how to minimize anxiety during the preoperative phase - Answer encourage communication
promote rest
use distraction
teach the caregiver
how can degenerative changes in myocardium and valves place an older adult at higher risk
during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer decreased cardiac reserve puts
older adults at risk for decreased CO, specially during times of stress
assess baseline VS for tachycardia, fatigue, and arrhythmias
how can rigidity of arterial walls and reduction in SNS and PNS innervation to the heart place an
older adult at higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer
alterations predispose patient to post op hemorrhage and rise in systolic and diastolic BP
,maintain adequate fluid balance to minimize stress to the heart. ensure that BP is adequate to
meet circulatory demands
how can increased calcium and cholesterol deposits within small arteries as well as thickened
arterial walls place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about
it? - Answer predispose patient to clot formation in lower extremities
instruct patient in leg exercises and proper turning. apply elastic stockings or intermittent
pneumatic compression devices. give anticoagulants. provide education about effects and
dietary restrictions
how can decreased SQ tissue and increased fragility of skin place an older adult at higher risk
during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer prone to pressure injuries and
skin tears
assess skin Q4h; pad all bony prominences during surgery; turn or reposition at least Q2-3h
how can decreased respiratory muscle strength and cough reflex place an older adult at higher
risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer increased risk for atelectasis
instruct patient to cough and deep breath and use incentive spirometer. ensure adequate pain
control
how can reduced ROM in diaphragm place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what
can the nurse do about it? - Answer residual capacity increased, reducing amount of new air
brought into lungs with each inspiration
when possible, have patient ambulate and sit in chair frequently
how can stiffened lung tissue and enlarged air spaces place an older adult at higher risk during
surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer blood oxygenation reduced
obtain baseline O2 sat; measure throughout periop period
how can delayed gastric emptying place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what
can the nurse do about it? - Answer increases risk for reflux and indigestion
position patient with HOB elevated at least 45 degrees. Reduce size of meals
, how can decreased renal function with reduced blood flow to kidneys place an older adult at
higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer increased risk of
shock when blood loss occurs; increased risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance
for pts hospitalized before surgery, determine baseline UO for 24 hours
how can reduced glomerular filtration rate and excretory times place an older adult at higher
risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer limited ability to eliminate
drugs or toxic substances
assess for adverse responses to drugs
how can decreased bladder capacity place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what
can the nurse do about it? - Answer increased risk for urgency, incontinence, and UTI
tell pt to notify nurse when fullness of bladder develops. toliet every 2 hours or more
how can sensory losses, including reduced tactile sense and increased pain tolerance place an
older adult at higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse do about it? - Answer
decreased ability to respond to early warning signs of sx complications
inspect bony prominences for signs of pressure that patient is unable to sense
how can febrile response during surgery place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and
what can the nurse do about it? - Answer increased risk of undiagnosed infection
ensure careful, close monitoring of patient temperature; provide warm blankets; monitor heart
function; warm IVF
how can decreased reaction time place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what
can the nurse do about it? - Answer confusion and delirium after anesthesia; increased risk for
falls
allow adequate time to respond, process info, and perform tasks. perform fall risk screening and
have fall precautions. orient to reality
how can lower BMR place an older adult at higher risk during surgery and what can the nurse
do about it? - Answer reduced total oxygen consumption
