Med Surg Hesi Practice Questions
And Answers 2027 | Graded A+
Potassiumjchloridejintravenouslyjisjprescribedjforjajclientjwithjheartjfailurejexperiencin
gjhypokalemia.jWhichjactionsjshouldjthejnursejtakejtojplanjforjpreparationjandjadminis
trationjofjthejpotassium?jSelectjalljthatjapply.
1.jObtainjanjintravenousj(IV)jinfusionjpump
2.jMonitorjurinejoutputjduringjadministration
3.jPreparejthejmedjforjbolusjadministration
4.jMonitorjthejIVjsitejforjsignsjofjinfiltrationjorjphlebitis
5.jEnsurejthejmedjisjdilutedjinjthejappropriatejvolumejofjfluid
6.jEnsurejthatjthejbagjisjlabeledjsojthatjitjreadsjthejvolumejofjpotassiumjinjthejsolution
j-jans-Answer:j1,2,4,5,6
*Rationale:*jPotassiumjchloridejadministeredjintravenouslyjmustjalwaysjbejdilutedjinjIV
jfluidjandjinfusedjviajanjinfusionjpump.jPotassiumjchloridejisjneverjgivenjbyjbolusj(IVjp
ush).jGivingjpotassiumjchloridejbyjIVjpushjcanjresultjinjcardiacjarrest.jThejnursejshoul
djensurejthatjthejpotassiumjisjdilutedjinjthejappropriatejamountjofjdiluentjorjfluid.jThejI
Vjbagjcontainingjthejpotassiumjchloridejshouldjalwaysjbejlabeledjwithjthejvolumejofjpo
tassiumjitjcontains.jThejIVjsitejisjmonitoredjclosely,jbecausejpotassiumjchloridejisjirrita
tingjtojthejveinsjandjtherejisjriskjofjphlebitis.jInjaddition,jthejnursejshouldjmonitorjforjinf
iltration.jThejnursejmonitorsjurinaryjoutputjduringjadministrationjandjcontactsjthejprima
ryjhealthjcarejproviderjifjthejurinaryjoutputjisjlessjthanj30jmL/hr.
Thejnursejnotesjthatjajclient'sjarterialjbloodjgasj(ABG)jresultsjrevealjajpHjofj7.50jandj
ajPaCO2jofj30jmmjHgj(30jmmjHg).jThejnursejmonitorsjthejclientjforjwhichjclinicaljman
ifestationsjassociatedjwithjthesejABGjresults?jSelectjalljthatjapply.
1.jNausea
2.jConfusion
3.jBradypnea
4.jTachycardia
5.jHyperkalemia
6.jLightheadednessj-jans-Answer:j1,2,4,6
*Rationale:*jRespiratoryjalkalosisjisjdefinedjasjajdeficitjofjcarbonicjacidjorjajdecreaseji
njhydrogenjionjconcentrationjthatjresultsjfromjthejaccumulationjofjbasejorjfromjajlossjo
fjacidjwithoutjajcomparablejlossjofjbasejinjthejbodyjfluids.jThisjoccursjinjconditionsjtha
tjcausejoverstimulationjofjthejrespiratoryjsystem.jClinicaljmanifestationsjofjrespiratoryja
lkalosisjincludejlethargy,jlightheadedness,jconfusion,jtachycardia,jdysrhythmiasjrelatedj
,tojhypokalemia,jnausea,jvomiting,jepigastricjpain,jandjnumbnessjandjtinglingjofjthejext
remities.jHyperventilationj(tachypnea)joccurs.jBradypneajdescribesjrespirationsjthatjar
ejregularjbutjabnormallyjslow.jHyperkalemiajisjassociatedjwithjacidosis
Thejnursejisjadministeringj1junitjofjpackedjredjbloodjcellsj(PRBCs)jtojajclientjwhojhasj
neverjreceivedjajbloodjtransfusion.jThejnursejsuspectsjajtransfusionjreactionjbasedjon
jclinicaljpresentation.jBasedjonjthisjscenario,jselectjthejinitialjclinicaljfindingsjforjeachjs
uspectedjcondition.jChoosejonejorjmorejoptions.
1.jAcutejhemolyticjreaction
j1.jBackjpain
j2.jDiff.jbreathing
j3.jRash
j4.jUrticariaj(hives)
j5.jPruritus
2.jAllergicjrxn
j1.jBackjpain
j2.jDiff.jbreathing
j3.jRash
j4.jUrticaria
j5.jPruritus
3.jFluidjoverload
j1.jBackjpain
j2.jDiff.jbreathing
j3.jRash
j4.jUrticaria
j5.jPruritusj-jans-1.jAcutejhemolyticjreaction
-backjpain
2.jAllergicjrxn
-rash
-urticaria
-pruritus
3.jFluidjoverload
-difficultyjbreathing
*Rationale:*jTherejarejdifferentjtypesjofjbloodjtransfusionjreactions,jincludingjfluidjvolu
mejoverload,jallergicjreaction,jandjacutejhemolyticjreaction.jInjgeneral,jsignsjofjanjimm
ediatejtransfusionjreactionjincludejthejfollowing:jchillsjandjdiaphoresis;jmusclejaches,jb
ackjpain,jorjchestjpain;jrash,jhives,jitching,jandjswelling;jrapid,jthreadyjpulse;jdyspnea,
jcough,jorjwheezing;jpallorjandjcyanosis;japprehension;jtinglingjandjnumbness;jheada
che;jandjnausea,jvomiting,jabdominaljcramping,jandjdiarrhea.jAnjacutejhemolyticjreact
ionjisjusuallyjcharacterizedjbyjbackjpainjinitially.jAnjallergicjreactionjisjmanifestedjbyjra
sh,jurticaria,jandjpruritisjasjinitialjsigns.jFluidjvolumejoverloadjoftenjisjnotedjbyjdifficult
yjbreathingjinjthejearlyjphase.
, Whichjclientjisjatjriskjforjthejdevelopmentjofjajpotassiumjleveljofj5.5jmEq/
Lj(5.5jmmol/L)?
1.jThejclientjwithjcolitis
2.jThejclientjwithjCushing'sjsyndrome
3.jThejclientjwhojhasjbeenjoverusingjlaxatives
4.jThejclientjwhojhasjsustainedjajtraumaticjburnj-jans-Answer:j4
*Rationale:*jThejnormaljpotassiumjleveljisj3.5jtoj5.0jmEq/Lj(3.5jtoj5.0jmmol/
L).jAjserumjpotassiumjleveljhigherjthanj5.0jmEq/Lj(5.0jmmol/
L)jindicatesjhyperkalemia.jClientsjwhojexperiencejcellularjshiftingjofjpotassiumjinjtheje
arlyjstagesjofjmassivejcelljdestruction,jsuchjasjwithjtrauma,jburns,jsepsis,jorjmetabolic
jorjrespiratoryjacidosis,jarejatjriskjforjhyperkalemia.jThejclientjwithjCushing'sjsyndrome
jorjcolitisjandjthejclientjwhojhasjbeenjoverusingjlaxativesjarejatjriskjforjhypokalemia.
Contactjprecautionsjarejinitiatedjforjajclientjwithjajhealthjcare-
associatedj(nosocomial)jinfectionjcausedjbyjmethicillin-
resistantjStaphylococcusjaureusj(MRSA).jThejnursejpreparesjtojprovidejcolostomyjcar
ejandjshouldjobtainjwhichjprotectivejitemsjtojperformjthisjprocedure?
1.jGlovesjandjgown
2.jGlovesjandjgoggles
3.jGloves,jgownjandjshoejprotectors
4.jGloves,jgown,jgogglesjandjmaskjorjfacejshieldj-jans-Answer:j4
*Rationale:*jSplashesjofjbodyjsecretionsjcanjoccurjwhenjprovidingjcolostomyjcare.jGo
gglesjandjajmaskjorjfacejshieldjarejwornjtojprotectjthejfacejandjmucousjmembranesjof
jthejeyesjduringjinterventionsjthatjmayjproducejsplashesjofjblood,jbodyjfluids,jsecretio
ns,jorjexcretions.jInjaddition,jcontactjprecautionsjrequirejthejusejofjgloves,jandjajgown
jshouldjbejwornjifjdirectjclientjcontactjisjanticipated.jShoejprotectorsjarejnotjnecessary.
Thejnursejisjcaringjforjajclientjwithjcirrhosisjofjthejliver.jTojminimizejthejeffectsjofjthejd
isorder,jthejnursejteachesjthejclientjaboutjfoodsjthatjarejhighjinjthiamine.jThejnursejde
terminesjthatjthejclientjhasjthejbestjunderstandingjofjthejdietaryjmeasuresjtojfollowjifjt
hejclientjstatesjanjintentionjtojincreasejthejintakejofjwhichjfood?
1.jMilk
2.jChicken
3.jBroccoli
4.jLegumesj-jans-Answer:j4
*Rationale:*jThejclientjwithjcirrhosisjneedsjtojconsumejfoodsjhighjinjthiamine.jThiamin
ejisjpresentjinjajvarietyjofjfoodsjofjplantjandjanimaljorigin.jLegumesjarejespeciallyjrichj
injthisjvitamin.jOtherjgoodjfoodjsourcesjincludejnuts,jwhole-
grainjcereals,jandjpork.jMilkjcontainsjvitaminsjA,jD,jandjB2.jPoultryjcontainsjniacin.jBr
occolijcontainsjvitaminsjC,jE,jandjKjandjfolicjacid.
Severaljlaboratoryjtestsjarejprescribedjforjajclient,jandjthejnursejreviewsjthejresultsjofj
thejtests.jWhichjlaboratoryjtestjresultsjshouldjthejnursejreport?jSelectjalljthatjapply.
1.jPlateletsj35,000mm^3j(35jxj10^9/L)
2.jSodiumj150jmEq/Lj(150mmol/L)
And Answers 2027 | Graded A+
Potassiumjchloridejintravenouslyjisjprescribedjforjajclientjwithjheartjfailurejexperiencin
gjhypokalemia.jWhichjactionsjshouldjthejnursejtakejtojplanjforjpreparationjandjadminis
trationjofjthejpotassium?jSelectjalljthatjapply.
1.jObtainjanjintravenousj(IV)jinfusionjpump
2.jMonitorjurinejoutputjduringjadministration
3.jPreparejthejmedjforjbolusjadministration
4.jMonitorjthejIVjsitejforjsignsjofjinfiltrationjorjphlebitis
5.jEnsurejthejmedjisjdilutedjinjthejappropriatejvolumejofjfluid
6.jEnsurejthatjthejbagjisjlabeledjsojthatjitjreadsjthejvolumejofjpotassiumjinjthejsolution
j-jans-Answer:j1,2,4,5,6
*Rationale:*jPotassiumjchloridejadministeredjintravenouslyjmustjalwaysjbejdilutedjinjIV
jfluidjandjinfusedjviajanjinfusionjpump.jPotassiumjchloridejisjneverjgivenjbyjbolusj(IVjp
ush).jGivingjpotassiumjchloridejbyjIVjpushjcanjresultjinjcardiacjarrest.jThejnursejshoul
djensurejthatjthejpotassiumjisjdilutedjinjthejappropriatejamountjofjdiluentjorjfluid.jThejI
Vjbagjcontainingjthejpotassiumjchloridejshouldjalwaysjbejlabeledjwithjthejvolumejofjpo
tassiumjitjcontains.jThejIVjsitejisjmonitoredjclosely,jbecausejpotassiumjchloridejisjirrita
tingjtojthejveinsjandjtherejisjriskjofjphlebitis.jInjaddition,jthejnursejshouldjmonitorjforjinf
iltration.jThejnursejmonitorsjurinaryjoutputjduringjadministrationjandjcontactsjthejprima
ryjhealthjcarejproviderjifjthejurinaryjoutputjisjlessjthanj30jmL/hr.
Thejnursejnotesjthatjajclient'sjarterialjbloodjgasj(ABG)jresultsjrevealjajpHjofj7.50jandj
ajPaCO2jofj30jmmjHgj(30jmmjHg).jThejnursejmonitorsjthejclientjforjwhichjclinicaljman
ifestationsjassociatedjwithjthesejABGjresults?jSelectjalljthatjapply.
1.jNausea
2.jConfusion
3.jBradypnea
4.jTachycardia
5.jHyperkalemia
6.jLightheadednessj-jans-Answer:j1,2,4,6
*Rationale:*jRespiratoryjalkalosisjisjdefinedjasjajdeficitjofjcarbonicjacidjorjajdecreaseji
njhydrogenjionjconcentrationjthatjresultsjfromjthejaccumulationjofjbasejorjfromjajlossjo
fjacidjwithoutjajcomparablejlossjofjbasejinjthejbodyjfluids.jThisjoccursjinjconditionsjtha
tjcausejoverstimulationjofjthejrespiratoryjsystem.jClinicaljmanifestationsjofjrespiratoryja
lkalosisjincludejlethargy,jlightheadedness,jconfusion,jtachycardia,jdysrhythmiasjrelatedj
,tojhypokalemia,jnausea,jvomiting,jepigastricjpain,jandjnumbnessjandjtinglingjofjthejext
remities.jHyperventilationj(tachypnea)joccurs.jBradypneajdescribesjrespirationsjthatjar
ejregularjbutjabnormallyjslow.jHyperkalemiajisjassociatedjwithjacidosis
Thejnursejisjadministeringj1junitjofjpackedjredjbloodjcellsj(PRBCs)jtojajclientjwhojhasj
neverjreceivedjajbloodjtransfusion.jThejnursejsuspectsjajtransfusionjreactionjbasedjon
jclinicaljpresentation.jBasedjonjthisjscenario,jselectjthejinitialjclinicaljfindingsjforjeachjs
uspectedjcondition.jChoosejonejorjmorejoptions.
1.jAcutejhemolyticjreaction
j1.jBackjpain
j2.jDiff.jbreathing
j3.jRash
j4.jUrticariaj(hives)
j5.jPruritus
2.jAllergicjrxn
j1.jBackjpain
j2.jDiff.jbreathing
j3.jRash
j4.jUrticaria
j5.jPruritus
3.jFluidjoverload
j1.jBackjpain
j2.jDiff.jbreathing
j3.jRash
j4.jUrticaria
j5.jPruritusj-jans-1.jAcutejhemolyticjreaction
-backjpain
2.jAllergicjrxn
-rash
-urticaria
-pruritus
3.jFluidjoverload
-difficultyjbreathing
*Rationale:*jTherejarejdifferentjtypesjofjbloodjtransfusionjreactions,jincludingjfluidjvolu
mejoverload,jallergicjreaction,jandjacutejhemolyticjreaction.jInjgeneral,jsignsjofjanjimm
ediatejtransfusionjreactionjincludejthejfollowing:jchillsjandjdiaphoresis;jmusclejaches,jb
ackjpain,jorjchestjpain;jrash,jhives,jitching,jandjswelling;jrapid,jthreadyjpulse;jdyspnea,
jcough,jorjwheezing;jpallorjandjcyanosis;japprehension;jtinglingjandjnumbness;jheada
che;jandjnausea,jvomiting,jabdominaljcramping,jandjdiarrhea.jAnjacutejhemolyticjreact
ionjisjusuallyjcharacterizedjbyjbackjpainjinitially.jAnjallergicjreactionjisjmanifestedjbyjra
sh,jurticaria,jandjpruritisjasjinitialjsigns.jFluidjvolumejoverloadjoftenjisjnotedjbyjdifficult
yjbreathingjinjthejearlyjphase.
, Whichjclientjisjatjriskjforjthejdevelopmentjofjajpotassiumjleveljofj5.5jmEq/
Lj(5.5jmmol/L)?
1.jThejclientjwithjcolitis
2.jThejclientjwithjCushing'sjsyndrome
3.jThejclientjwhojhasjbeenjoverusingjlaxatives
4.jThejclientjwhojhasjsustainedjajtraumaticjburnj-jans-Answer:j4
*Rationale:*jThejnormaljpotassiumjleveljisj3.5jtoj5.0jmEq/Lj(3.5jtoj5.0jmmol/
L).jAjserumjpotassiumjleveljhigherjthanj5.0jmEq/Lj(5.0jmmol/
L)jindicatesjhyperkalemia.jClientsjwhojexperiencejcellularjshiftingjofjpotassiumjinjtheje
arlyjstagesjofjmassivejcelljdestruction,jsuchjasjwithjtrauma,jburns,jsepsis,jorjmetabolic
jorjrespiratoryjacidosis,jarejatjriskjforjhyperkalemia.jThejclientjwithjCushing'sjsyndrome
jorjcolitisjandjthejclientjwhojhasjbeenjoverusingjlaxativesjarejatjriskjforjhypokalemia.
Contactjprecautionsjarejinitiatedjforjajclientjwithjajhealthjcare-
associatedj(nosocomial)jinfectionjcausedjbyjmethicillin-
resistantjStaphylococcusjaureusj(MRSA).jThejnursejpreparesjtojprovidejcolostomyjcar
ejandjshouldjobtainjwhichjprotectivejitemsjtojperformjthisjprocedure?
1.jGlovesjandjgown
2.jGlovesjandjgoggles
3.jGloves,jgownjandjshoejprotectors
4.jGloves,jgown,jgogglesjandjmaskjorjfacejshieldj-jans-Answer:j4
*Rationale:*jSplashesjofjbodyjsecretionsjcanjoccurjwhenjprovidingjcolostomyjcare.jGo
gglesjandjajmaskjorjfacejshieldjarejwornjtojprotectjthejfacejandjmucousjmembranesjof
jthejeyesjduringjinterventionsjthatjmayjproducejsplashesjofjblood,jbodyjfluids,jsecretio
ns,jorjexcretions.jInjaddition,jcontactjprecautionsjrequirejthejusejofjgloves,jandjajgown
jshouldjbejwornjifjdirectjclientjcontactjisjanticipated.jShoejprotectorsjarejnotjnecessary.
Thejnursejisjcaringjforjajclientjwithjcirrhosisjofjthejliver.jTojminimizejthejeffectsjofjthejd
isorder,jthejnursejteachesjthejclientjaboutjfoodsjthatjarejhighjinjthiamine.jThejnursejde
terminesjthatjthejclientjhasjthejbestjunderstandingjofjthejdietaryjmeasuresjtojfollowjifjt
hejclientjstatesjanjintentionjtojincreasejthejintakejofjwhichjfood?
1.jMilk
2.jChicken
3.jBroccoli
4.jLegumesj-jans-Answer:j4
*Rationale:*jThejclientjwithjcirrhosisjneedsjtojconsumejfoodsjhighjinjthiamine.jThiamin
ejisjpresentjinjajvarietyjofjfoodsjofjplantjandjanimaljorigin.jLegumesjarejespeciallyjrichj
injthisjvitamin.jOtherjgoodjfoodjsourcesjincludejnuts,jwhole-
grainjcereals,jandjpork.jMilkjcontainsjvitaminsjA,jD,jandjB2.jPoultryjcontainsjniacin.jBr
occolijcontainsjvitaminsjC,jE,jandjKjandjfolicjacid.
Severaljlaboratoryjtestsjarejprescribedjforjajclient,jandjthejnursejreviewsjthejresultsjofj
thejtests.jWhichjlaboratoryjtestjresultsjshouldjthejnursejreport?jSelectjalljthatjapply.
1.jPlateletsj35,000mm^3j(35jxj10^9/L)
2.jSodiumj150jmEq/Lj(150mmol/L)
