Psychotherapy Midterm Exam (Week 1-6) –
Questions With Detailed Solutions
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Terms in this set (82)
Week 1 (can look at example DINs for Primer on psychotherapy research and introduction to
more information) theory driven psychotherapies
,Differentiate the potential for Theory as a framework:
confusion between using theory as a - Theories can be used to increase understanding;
framework for understanding mental however, they have a risk of not being accurate or
health/illness and therapeutic effective when put into practice on their own
processes, and the separate need for - Theories, such as those from Sigmund Freud, are
rigorous research studies to validate currently used as a framework, but such theories
specific treatment approaches within come from background info (such as that from life
that framework experiences) and expert opinion
Rigorous research to validate:
- Setting the boundary between opinion and
recollections from more accurate facts is research
- With the help of research, specific treatment
approaches can be identified, and it can be
determined whether they are effective or not
- Certain theories may have different research backing
them up, but not all research is equal in quality
,Different levels of the evidence Quality from low to high
pyramid Background information and expert opinion:
--Distinguish between various research - Includes anecdotal experiences and may be
designs represented in the Evidence influenced by personal biases, thus it is considered
Pyramid, such as systematic reviews, lower quality evidence
randomized controlled trials, and case Case series and reports:
studies Case series are of a single person, with information
gathered in depth about them.
Does not involve a control group or multiple people
Case-controlled studies:
- 2 groups: one with disorder recognition and one
without
- Not randomly assigned
- Higher quality due to comparison
Cohort studies:
- One group followed over an extended period
- Not random assignment
- Large number of people from a discernable cohort
Randomized controlled trials:
- Strong hypothesis
- Randomized into at least 2 conditions
- More complicated designs
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses:
- Use available accumulated research to find most
evidence-based conclusion
- Filter with predefined rules to determine inclusion or
exclusion
, Analyze the methodological strengths Background info and expert opinion
and weakness of each level. This strengths: Lots of evidence is gathered to be used,
includes understanding factors like and when it comes to just starting out on experiments
internal validity, external validity, and and studies, the first step is indeed to gather all the
potential biases of each design necessary information one can in order to plan out
the next steps.
weaknesses: By simply gathering as much information
as possible, there is a lack in the quality of information
gathered. While information can come from experts
who know about the field, it may also come from or
be influenced by other confounding factors which
may result in less external validity.
Case series and reports
strengths: A case series tracks a person or a small
group of people over a long period of time. These
observations can be used to predict the behavior of
others in similar situations or with similar conditions,
such as in the case of Phineas Gage.
weaknesses: A case series is has no control group
which means there is nothing and no one to compare
the participants to. There are also very few
participants in a case series which means that the data
collected is not really varied which can cause
confounding factors to decrease the external validity.
Case-controlled studies
strengths: Case studies can tell us a lot about a
particular person which can be used as a basis to
learn about or predict the way a group of people may
behave or function without actually needing to spend
the time, money, or energy observing many people in
or not in a perceived condition
weaknesses: Case studies follow specific people and
are therefore not randomized. They are also used as a
tool to generalize a group in a particular condition,
environmental or otherwise, which may not always be
accurate, especially when confounding variables
need to be taken in consideration - certain events that
Questions With Detailed Solutions
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (82)
Week 1 (can look at example DINs for Primer on psychotherapy research and introduction to
more information) theory driven psychotherapies
,Differentiate the potential for Theory as a framework:
confusion between using theory as a - Theories can be used to increase understanding;
framework for understanding mental however, they have a risk of not being accurate or
health/illness and therapeutic effective when put into practice on their own
processes, and the separate need for - Theories, such as those from Sigmund Freud, are
rigorous research studies to validate currently used as a framework, but such theories
specific treatment approaches within come from background info (such as that from life
that framework experiences) and expert opinion
Rigorous research to validate:
- Setting the boundary between opinion and
recollections from more accurate facts is research
- With the help of research, specific treatment
approaches can be identified, and it can be
determined whether they are effective or not
- Certain theories may have different research backing
them up, but not all research is equal in quality
,Different levels of the evidence Quality from low to high
pyramid Background information and expert opinion:
--Distinguish between various research - Includes anecdotal experiences and may be
designs represented in the Evidence influenced by personal biases, thus it is considered
Pyramid, such as systematic reviews, lower quality evidence
randomized controlled trials, and case Case series and reports:
studies Case series are of a single person, with information
gathered in depth about them.
Does not involve a control group or multiple people
Case-controlled studies:
- 2 groups: one with disorder recognition and one
without
- Not randomly assigned
- Higher quality due to comparison
Cohort studies:
- One group followed over an extended period
- Not random assignment
- Large number of people from a discernable cohort
Randomized controlled trials:
- Strong hypothesis
- Randomized into at least 2 conditions
- More complicated designs
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses:
- Use available accumulated research to find most
evidence-based conclusion
- Filter with predefined rules to determine inclusion or
exclusion
, Analyze the methodological strengths Background info and expert opinion
and weakness of each level. This strengths: Lots of evidence is gathered to be used,
includes understanding factors like and when it comes to just starting out on experiments
internal validity, external validity, and and studies, the first step is indeed to gather all the
potential biases of each design necessary information one can in order to plan out
the next steps.
weaknesses: By simply gathering as much information
as possible, there is a lack in the quality of information
gathered. While information can come from experts
who know about the field, it may also come from or
be influenced by other confounding factors which
may result in less external validity.
Case series and reports
strengths: A case series tracks a person or a small
group of people over a long period of time. These
observations can be used to predict the behavior of
others in similar situations or with similar conditions,
such as in the case of Phineas Gage.
weaknesses: A case series is has no control group
which means there is nothing and no one to compare
the participants to. There are also very few
participants in a case series which means that the data
collected is not really varied which can cause
confounding factors to decrease the external validity.
Case-controlled studies
strengths: Case studies can tell us a lot about a
particular person which can be used as a basis to
learn about or predict the way a group of people may
behave or function without actually needing to spend
the time, money, or energy observing many people in
or not in a perceived condition
weaknesses: Case studies follow specific people and
are therefore not randomized. They are also used as a
tool to generalize a group in a particular condition,
environmental or otherwise, which may not always be
accurate, especially when confounding variables
need to be taken in consideration - certain events that
