Kine 2049 Exam Questions With Verified Solutions Latest Update 2026

KINE 2049 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Levels of Knowledge - Answers description, prediction, control, explanation 5 sources of gaining knowlegde - Answers custom and tradition authority personal experience reasoning scientific inquiry deductive reasoning - Answers general to specific theory hypothesis observation confirmation inductive reasoning - Answers specific to general observation pattern hypothesis theory scientific method - Answers A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions. Nullius in verba - Answers Take nobody's word for it assumptions of science - Answers - real and knowable universe - universe operates according to understandable laws or rules - laws of the universe are immutable - laws can be understood by careful observation, experimentation and research Pyramid of Evidence - Answers RCT Controlled not Random Cohort or Case Control Multiple Time Series Expert Opinion 7 characteristics of research - Answers - research is objective and logical - based upon empirical evidence - development of generalizations - unhurried and patient activity - replication - requires courage - reductive Three Stages of Truth - Answers Ridicule Opposition Self-Evident Spin Doctor - Answers a spokesperson employed to give a favorable interpretation of events Relative Risk - Answers The ratio of the risk of disease in exposed individuals to the risk of disease in non-exposed individuals. Relative Risk Reduction - Answers difference in event rates expressed relative to control event rate Absolute Risk Reduction - Answers difference between event rates Number Needed to Treat - Answers the number of people who need to receive the intervention in order to prevent one person from developing the condition True Experiment - Answers The only research strategy that can determine that something causes something else; involves randomly assigning people to different treatments and then looking at the outcome. Amorality - Answers knowledge and morality should be independent Caution - Answers new knowledge is accepted cautiously Consistency - Answers the world is orderly and remains so for long periods of time Determinism - Answers the cause of events can be determined and take place for a reason Empericism - Answers knowledge should be acquired through observation Intelligibility - Answers humans have the ability to understand the world Parsimony - Answers simple explanations are preferable Skepticism - Answers knowledge remains open to criticism or challenge Hypothesis - Answers A testable prediction, often implied by a theory Fact - Answers consistently observed event Theory - Answers an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events Basic Research - Answers pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base Applied Research - Answers scientific study that aims to solve practical problems Qualitative Research - Answers relies on observations to determine reasons for human behavior Quantitatve research - Answers collect numerical data to understand concept being studied Descriptive Research - Answers research methods that involve observing behavior to describe that behavior objectively and systematically Experimental Research - Answers studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant) Longitudinal Research - Answers studies in which the same group of individuals is surveyed or measured repeatedly over an extended period of time Cross-Sectional Research - Answers compares multiple segments of a population at a single time Variable - Answers A factor that can be manipulated, measured, or classified in an experiment Discrete Variable - Answers cannot be divided (i have 4 sisters, i came in 2nd place) Continuous Variable - Answers can be divided into fractional amounts (height, weight) Sampling Procedures - Answers 1 - Specify population of interest 2 - Identify accessible members of population 3 - Determine sample size 4 - Select the sampling method Probability Sampling - Answers probability of being selected can be determined - uses "random" selection process Non Probability Sampling - Answers the probability of any particular member of the population being chosen is unknown Random Selection - Answers every subject has an equal chance of being selected AND the selection of one does not bias the chance of others Simple Random Selection - Answers pull from a hat Stratified Random Selection - Answers Dividing the population into relevant categories, then using random selection in each category Systemic Selection - Answers subjects are selected using a "system" Cluster Selection - Answers divide population into groups, then simple random selection of groups