NSG 440 Final Exam V2 | NSG 440 Population
Health | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG440 Final
Exam) | Grand Canyon University
1. A community health nurse is calculating the rate of new cases of Type 2 Diabetes
diagnosed in a specific county over the last 12 months. Which epidemiological measure is the
nurse determining?
A. Prevalence
B. Mortality Rate
C. Attack Rate
D. Incidence
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a
specific population during a defined period of time. Prevalence, conversely, measures all
existing cases (new and old) at a specific point in time. By focusing on only the new
diagnoses over 12 months, the nurse is calculating the incidence rate to understand the risk
of developing the condition.
2. Which of the following activities performed by a nurse represents primary prevention in a
rural community? Select all that apply.
A. Administering influenza vaccines at a local senior center.
B. Conducting blood pressure screenings at a community health fair.
,C. Teaching middle school students about the dangers of vaping.
D. Providing rehabilitation exercises for a patient post-stroke.
E. Distributing educational pamphlets on how to use infant car seats.
F. Leading a support group for individuals with chronic heart failure.
Correct Answer: A, C, E
Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the initial occurrence of a disease
or injury through health promotion and specific protection. Administering vaccines,
education on substance use prevention, and car seat safety are all proactive measures
taken before health problems occur. Screenings represent secondary prevention, while
rehabilitation and support groups for existing conditions represent tertiary prevention.
3. A nurse is conducting a windshield survey of a new neighborhood. Which of the following
observations would the nurse document under the ‘Environment’ category? Select all that
apply.
A. Presence of garbage on the streets and sidewalks.
B. Condition of housing and open spaces.
C. Types of public transportation available.
D. Availability of grocery stores with fresh produce.
E. Signs of air pollution from nearby industrial plants.
Correct Answer: A, B, E
, Explanation: Environment in a windshield survey focuses on the physical and natural
surroundings that impact health, such as pollution, sanitation, and physical structures.
Garbage presence and air quality are direct environmental health indicators. While
transportation and grocery stores are community resources, they are often categorized
under ‘Services’ or ‘Economic’ indicators depending on the assessment framework used.
4. Which of the following describes the ‘Agent’ in the epidemiological triangle model?
A. The person or animal susceptible to the disease.
B. The external conditions that allow the disease to spread.
C. The factor, such as a bacteria or chemical, that causes the disease.
D. The social determinants that influence health outcomes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The epidemiological triangle consists of the host, the agent, and the
environment. The agent is the animate or inanimate factor that must be present or lacking
for a disease or condition to develop. Examples include infectious organisms, chemical
toxins, or physical trauma.
5. A public health nurse is working with a vulnerable population of migrant farmworkers.
Which barrier to healthcare is most common for this group?
A. Preference for high-tech medical interventions.
B. High levels of health literacy.
C. Excessive insurance coverage through employers.
Health | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG440 Final
Exam) | Grand Canyon University
1. A community health nurse is calculating the rate of new cases of Type 2 Diabetes
diagnosed in a specific county over the last 12 months. Which epidemiological measure is the
nurse determining?
A. Prevalence
B. Mortality Rate
C. Attack Rate
D. Incidence
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a
specific population during a defined period of time. Prevalence, conversely, measures all
existing cases (new and old) at a specific point in time. By focusing on only the new
diagnoses over 12 months, the nurse is calculating the incidence rate to understand the risk
of developing the condition.
2. Which of the following activities performed by a nurse represents primary prevention in a
rural community? Select all that apply.
A. Administering influenza vaccines at a local senior center.
B. Conducting blood pressure screenings at a community health fair.
,C. Teaching middle school students about the dangers of vaping.
D. Providing rehabilitation exercises for a patient post-stroke.
E. Distributing educational pamphlets on how to use infant car seats.
F. Leading a support group for individuals with chronic heart failure.
Correct Answer: A, C, E
Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the initial occurrence of a disease
or injury through health promotion and specific protection. Administering vaccines,
education on substance use prevention, and car seat safety are all proactive measures
taken before health problems occur. Screenings represent secondary prevention, while
rehabilitation and support groups for existing conditions represent tertiary prevention.
3. A nurse is conducting a windshield survey of a new neighborhood. Which of the following
observations would the nurse document under the ‘Environment’ category? Select all that
apply.
A. Presence of garbage on the streets and sidewalks.
B. Condition of housing and open spaces.
C. Types of public transportation available.
D. Availability of grocery stores with fresh produce.
E. Signs of air pollution from nearby industrial plants.
Correct Answer: A, B, E
, Explanation: Environment in a windshield survey focuses on the physical and natural
surroundings that impact health, such as pollution, sanitation, and physical structures.
Garbage presence and air quality are direct environmental health indicators. While
transportation and grocery stores are community resources, they are often categorized
under ‘Services’ or ‘Economic’ indicators depending on the assessment framework used.
4. Which of the following describes the ‘Agent’ in the epidemiological triangle model?
A. The person or animal susceptible to the disease.
B. The external conditions that allow the disease to spread.
C. The factor, such as a bacteria or chemical, that causes the disease.
D. The social determinants that influence health outcomes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The epidemiological triangle consists of the host, the agent, and the
environment. The agent is the animate or inanimate factor that must be present or lacking
for a disease or condition to develop. Examples include infectious organisms, chemical
toxins, or physical trauma.
5. A public health nurse is working with a vulnerable population of migrant farmworkers.
Which barrier to healthcare is most common for this group?
A. Preference for high-tech medical interventions.
B. High levels of health literacy.
C. Excessive insurance coverage through employers.
