NSG 440 Exam 1 V1 | NSG 440 Population Health |
Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG440 Exam 1) |
Grand Canyon University
1. A community health nurse is conducting a program about primary prevention. Which of
the following activities should the nurse include as an example of primary prevention?
A. Leading a support group for individuals recovering from a stroke.
B. Performing scoliosis screenings for students at a middle school.
C. Providing influenza immunizations to seniors at a local community center.
D. Monitoring blood glucose levels for a client who has type 2 diabetes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the initial occurrence of a disease
or injury. Immunizations are a classic example of this level because they provide immunity
before exposure to the pathogen occurs. Secondary prevention involves early detection and
treatment, while tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and preventing further
disability.
2. A public health nurse is identifying the social determinants of health (SDOH) for a specific
population. According to Healthy People 2030, which of the following areas are considered
domains of SDOH? Select all that apply.
A. Economic Stability
B. Education Access and Quality
,C. Health Care Access and Quality
D. Genetic Predisposition
E. Neighborhood and Built Environment
F. Social and Community Context
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F
Explanation: Healthy People 2030 categorizes social determinants of health into five
distinct domains: Economic Stability, Education Access and Quality, Health Care Access and
Quality, Neighborhood and Built Environment, and Social and Community Context. These
factors influence a person’s health outcomes significantly more than individual behaviors
or medical care alone. Genetic predisposition is considered a biological factor rather than a
social determinant.
3. When applying the Epidemiological Triad to a case of pertussis, which of the following
would the nurse identify as the ‘agent’?
A. Bordetella pertussis bacteria.
B. A child who has not been vaccinated.
C. Poor ventilation in a crowded daycare.
D. The healthcare system infrastructure.
Correct Answer: A
,Explanation: The epidemiological triad consists of the agent, the host, and the
environment. The agent is the animate or inanimate factor that must be present or lacking
for a disease or condition to develop, which in this case is the Bordetella pertussis bacteria.
The host is the human or animal that harbors the agent, and the environment includes the
external factors that allow for transmission.
4. A nurse is performing a windshield survey of a community. Which of the following
observations provides information about the ‘built environment’?
A. The prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases among residents.
B. The number of religious centers and places of worship.
C. The presence of sidewalks, bike lanes, and public parks.
D. The average income level reported in census data.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The built environment refers to human-made surroundings that provide the
setting for human activity, ranging from buildings and parks to neighborhoods and cities.
Sidewalks, bike lanes, and parks are physical structures that influence physical activity and
community health. Understanding the built environment is crucial for identifying barriers
to healthy living within a population.
5. A community health nurse calculates the number of new cases of syphilis in a city during
the past month. This measurement is known as:
A. Incidence rate
, B. Prevalence rate
C. Attack rate
D. Case fatality rate
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The incidence rate refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring
in a specific population over a designated period. This differs from prevalence, which
counts all cases (both old and new) present at a specific point in time. Incidence is a vital
tool for assessing the risk of disease and the effectiveness of prevention programs.
6. A nurse is evaluating the sensitivity of a new screening test for tuberculosis. How is
sensitivity defined in epidemiological terms?
A. The ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the disease.
B. The proportion of people who test positive and actually have the disease.
C. The frequency with which a test produces the same result on repeated trials.
D. The ability of a test to correctly identify those who actually have the disease.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Sensitivity is the ability of a screening test to correctly identify individuals
who truly have the disease (true positives). High sensitivity is critical for screening tests
because it ensures that very few cases are missed. In contrast, specificity refers to the
ability to correctly identify those who are disease-free (true negatives).
Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG440 Exam 1) |
Grand Canyon University
1. A community health nurse is conducting a program about primary prevention. Which of
the following activities should the nurse include as an example of primary prevention?
A. Leading a support group for individuals recovering from a stroke.
B. Performing scoliosis screenings for students at a middle school.
C. Providing influenza immunizations to seniors at a local community center.
D. Monitoring blood glucose levels for a client who has type 2 diabetes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the initial occurrence of a disease
or injury. Immunizations are a classic example of this level because they provide immunity
before exposure to the pathogen occurs. Secondary prevention involves early detection and
treatment, while tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and preventing further
disability.
2. A public health nurse is identifying the social determinants of health (SDOH) for a specific
population. According to Healthy People 2030, which of the following areas are considered
domains of SDOH? Select all that apply.
A. Economic Stability
B. Education Access and Quality
,C. Health Care Access and Quality
D. Genetic Predisposition
E. Neighborhood and Built Environment
F. Social and Community Context
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F
Explanation: Healthy People 2030 categorizes social determinants of health into five
distinct domains: Economic Stability, Education Access and Quality, Health Care Access and
Quality, Neighborhood and Built Environment, and Social and Community Context. These
factors influence a person’s health outcomes significantly more than individual behaviors
or medical care alone. Genetic predisposition is considered a biological factor rather than a
social determinant.
3. When applying the Epidemiological Triad to a case of pertussis, which of the following
would the nurse identify as the ‘agent’?
A. Bordetella pertussis bacteria.
B. A child who has not been vaccinated.
C. Poor ventilation in a crowded daycare.
D. The healthcare system infrastructure.
Correct Answer: A
,Explanation: The epidemiological triad consists of the agent, the host, and the
environment. The agent is the animate or inanimate factor that must be present or lacking
for a disease or condition to develop, which in this case is the Bordetella pertussis bacteria.
The host is the human or animal that harbors the agent, and the environment includes the
external factors that allow for transmission.
4. A nurse is performing a windshield survey of a community. Which of the following
observations provides information about the ‘built environment’?
A. The prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases among residents.
B. The number of religious centers and places of worship.
C. The presence of sidewalks, bike lanes, and public parks.
D. The average income level reported in census data.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The built environment refers to human-made surroundings that provide the
setting for human activity, ranging from buildings and parks to neighborhoods and cities.
Sidewalks, bike lanes, and parks are physical structures that influence physical activity and
community health. Understanding the built environment is crucial for identifying barriers
to healthy living within a population.
5. A community health nurse calculates the number of new cases of syphilis in a city during
the past month. This measurement is known as:
A. Incidence rate
, B. Prevalence rate
C. Attack rate
D. Case fatality rate
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The incidence rate refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring
in a specific population over a designated period. This differs from prevalence, which
counts all cases (both old and new) present at a specific point in time. Incidence is a vital
tool for assessing the risk of disease and the effectiveness of prevention programs.
6. A nurse is evaluating the sensitivity of a new screening test for tuberculosis. How is
sensitivity defined in epidemiological terms?
A. The ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the disease.
B. The proportion of people who test positive and actually have the disease.
C. The frequency with which a test produces the same result on repeated trials.
D. The ability of a test to correctly identify those who actually have the disease.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Sensitivity is the ability of a screening test to correctly identify individuals
who truly have the disease (true positives). High sensitivity is critical for screening tests
because it ensures that very few cases are missed. In contrast, specificity refers to the
ability to correctly identify those who are disease-free (true negatives).
