NSG 436 Final Exam V2 | NSG 436 Leadership,
Ethics, and Policy in Health Care | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG436 Final Exam) | Grand Canyon
University
1. A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a life-saving blood transfusion due to religious
beliefs. The nurse supports this decision even though they disagree personally. Which ethical
principle is being demonstrated?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of self-determination and the patient’s ability to
make their own healthcare decisions. By supporting the patient’s refusal, the nurse
respects the individual’s sovereignty over their own body. This principle remains a
cornerstone of ethical nursing practice even when the decision conflicts with medical
recommendations.
,2. A nurse manager encourages staff members to participate in decision-making and focuses
on the growth and well-being of the team to achieve long-term goals. Which leadership style
does this represent?
A. Transactional Leadership
B. Autocratic Leadership
C. Laissez-faire Leadership
D. Transformational Leadership
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Transformational leadership focuses on building relationships and
motivating staff through shared vision and empowerment. The leader seeks to transform
the work environment by fostering trust and encouraging professional development. This
style is highly effective in complex healthcare settings for improving patient outcomes and
staff satisfaction.
3. Select All That Apply: Which actions are appropriate for a nurse advocate to take when
influencing healthcare policy at the legislative level?
A. Joining a professional nursing organization such as the American Nurses Association
(ANA).
B. Contacting local representatives to discuss the impact of proposed bills on patient care.
C. Providing testimony at legislative hearings regarding healthcare issues.
D. Ignoring policy changes and focusing strictly on bedside clinical skills.
, E. Participating in a political action committee (PAC) to support candidates who favor
nursing interests.
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Nurses have a professional responsibility to engage in advocacy to improve
healthcare delivery systems. Joining professional organizations provides a collective voice
for policy change, while direct contact with representatives ensures clinical expertise
informs lawmaking. Participation in PACs is a recognized way to support legislative efforts
that align with nursing values and patient safety.
4. The nurse is ensuring that a patient receives the standard of care to promote healing and
provide a positive outcome. Which ethical principle is primarily being applied?
A. Beneficence
B. Veracity
C. Fidelity
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Beneficence is the duty to do good and act in the best interest of the patient.
It requires the nurse to take positive actions to help others and promote their well-being.
This principle guides the implementation of evidence-based interventions to facilitate
patient recovery.
Ethics, and Policy in Health Care | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG436 Final Exam) | Grand Canyon
University
1. A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a life-saving blood transfusion due to religious
beliefs. The nurse supports this decision even though they disagree personally. Which ethical
principle is being demonstrated?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of self-determination and the patient’s ability to
make their own healthcare decisions. By supporting the patient’s refusal, the nurse
respects the individual’s sovereignty over their own body. This principle remains a
cornerstone of ethical nursing practice even when the decision conflicts with medical
recommendations.
,2. A nurse manager encourages staff members to participate in decision-making and focuses
on the growth and well-being of the team to achieve long-term goals. Which leadership style
does this represent?
A. Transactional Leadership
B. Autocratic Leadership
C. Laissez-faire Leadership
D. Transformational Leadership
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Transformational leadership focuses on building relationships and
motivating staff through shared vision and empowerment. The leader seeks to transform
the work environment by fostering trust and encouraging professional development. This
style is highly effective in complex healthcare settings for improving patient outcomes and
staff satisfaction.
3. Select All That Apply: Which actions are appropriate for a nurse advocate to take when
influencing healthcare policy at the legislative level?
A. Joining a professional nursing organization such as the American Nurses Association
(ANA).
B. Contacting local representatives to discuss the impact of proposed bills on patient care.
C. Providing testimony at legislative hearings regarding healthcare issues.
D. Ignoring policy changes and focusing strictly on bedside clinical skills.
, E. Participating in a political action committee (PAC) to support candidates who favor
nursing interests.
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Nurses have a professional responsibility to engage in advocacy to improve
healthcare delivery systems. Joining professional organizations provides a collective voice
for policy change, while direct contact with representatives ensures clinical expertise
informs lawmaking. Participation in PACs is a recognized way to support legislative efforts
that align with nursing values and patient safety.
4. The nurse is ensuring that a patient receives the standard of care to promote healing and
provide a positive outcome. Which ethical principle is primarily being applied?
A. Beneficence
B. Veracity
C. Fidelity
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Beneficence is the duty to do good and act in the best interest of the patient.
It requires the nurse to take positive actions to help others and promote their well-being.
This principle guides the implementation of evidence-based interventions to facilitate
patient recovery.
