HESI ENTRANCE EXAM(2) EXAM WITH
ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS 2026/2027
Kidneys Location
Between the last thoracic and 3rd lumbar discs
Protected by 11th and 12th ribs
External Anatomy of Kidneys
Renal helium-indent where ureter emerges
3 tissues-renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
Renal Capsule
Inner most tissue
Barrier against trauma
Maintains shape
Adipose Capsule
Mass of fatty tissue
Protects from trauma
Holds kidney in place
Renal Fascia
Outer most tissue layer
Thin layer of connective tissue
Anchors to surrounding structures and ab wall
Internal Anatomy of Kidneys
Renal cortex-superficial region
Renal medulla-inner region
Structure of Renal Medulla
1|Page
, Splits into renal pyramids
Contains nephrons
Aides in H2O reabsorption
Urinary Bladder Location
Pelvic cavity, posterior to pubic symphysis
Why Bladder is Smaller in Females
Limited space due to uterus laying superior to bladder
Nephron
Functional unit of kidney
Forms urine
Urine Process
Nephrons drain into ducts
Ducts flow into renal calyces
Renal calyces drains into renal pelvis, to ureter then to bladder
2 Parts of Nephrons
1) Renal corpuscle
2) Renal tubule
Renal Corpuscle Function and Parts
Filters blood plasma
1) Glomerulus (capillary network)
2) Glomerular Capsule (cup surrounding glomerulus)
Renal Tubule Function and Parts
Filtered fluid into 3 sections
1) Proximal tubule
2) Descending and ascending loops
3) Distal convoluting tubules
3 Aspects of Renal Physiology
1) Glomerular filtration
2) Tubular reabsorption
3) Tubular secretion
Glomerular Filtrate
1.5-2.5 liters secreted daily
Fluid enters capsulary space
2|Page
ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS 2026/2027
Kidneys Location
Between the last thoracic and 3rd lumbar discs
Protected by 11th and 12th ribs
External Anatomy of Kidneys
Renal helium-indent where ureter emerges
3 tissues-renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
Renal Capsule
Inner most tissue
Barrier against trauma
Maintains shape
Adipose Capsule
Mass of fatty tissue
Protects from trauma
Holds kidney in place
Renal Fascia
Outer most tissue layer
Thin layer of connective tissue
Anchors to surrounding structures and ab wall
Internal Anatomy of Kidneys
Renal cortex-superficial region
Renal medulla-inner region
Structure of Renal Medulla
1|Page
, Splits into renal pyramids
Contains nephrons
Aides in H2O reabsorption
Urinary Bladder Location
Pelvic cavity, posterior to pubic symphysis
Why Bladder is Smaller in Females
Limited space due to uterus laying superior to bladder
Nephron
Functional unit of kidney
Forms urine
Urine Process
Nephrons drain into ducts
Ducts flow into renal calyces
Renal calyces drains into renal pelvis, to ureter then to bladder
2 Parts of Nephrons
1) Renal corpuscle
2) Renal tubule
Renal Corpuscle Function and Parts
Filters blood plasma
1) Glomerulus (capillary network)
2) Glomerular Capsule (cup surrounding glomerulus)
Renal Tubule Function and Parts
Filtered fluid into 3 sections
1) Proximal tubule
2) Descending and ascending loops
3) Distal convoluting tubules
3 Aspects of Renal Physiology
1) Glomerular filtration
2) Tubular reabsorption
3) Tubular secretion
Glomerular Filtrate
1.5-2.5 liters secreted daily
Fluid enters capsulary space
2|Page
