NSG 324A Final Exam V2 | NSG 324A Research and
Evidence-Based Practice | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG324A Final Exam) | Grand Canyon
University
1. In the PICO format for developing a clinical research question, what does the ‘I’ represent?
A. Implementation
B. Identification
C. Interpretation
D. Intervention
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The PICO mnemonic is essential for structuring clinical questions to guide a
literature search. The ‘I’ specifically stands for the intervention or interest area, which
describes the specific treatment or action being studied. This systematic approach ensures
that the researcher identifies relevant evidence effectively.
2. Which level of evidence is considered the highest in the evidence-based practice hierarchy?
A. Systematic review or meta-analysis of RCTs
B. Case-control studies
C. Expert opinion
D. Single randomized controlled trial (RCT)
,E. Qualitative research synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant randomized controlled
trials provides the most robust evidence. This level of evidence synthesizes multiple high-
quality studies to provide a comprehensive conclusion. It minimizes bias and offers greater
statistical power than individual studies.
3. A researcher is studying the lived experience of patients surviving a sudden cardiac arrest.
Which qualitative research design is most appropriate?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Ethnography
C. Historical Research
D. Phenomenology
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Phenomenology focuses on the lived experiences of individuals regarding a
specific phenomenon. The goal is to describe the ‘essence’ of the experience from the
perspective of those who lived it. This design is ideal for capturing the subjective meaning
of significant life events like surviving cardiac arrest.
4. The Belmont Report outlines three basic ethical principles. Which of the following is NOT
one of these principles?
A. Veracity
, B. Justice
C. Respect for Persons
D. Beneficence
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Belmont Report identifies Beneficence, Justice, and Respect for Persons
as the foundational ethical pillars for human subjects research. Veracity, which refers to
truth-telling, is a general nursing ethical principle but not one of the three primary pillars
of the Belmont Report. These principles ensure that participants are treated fairly and their
well-being is prioritized.
5. Which of the following factors are considered significant barriers to the implementation of
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in a hospital setting? Select all that apply.
A. Lack of time due to high patient workload
B. Lack of administrative support and resources
C. Individual nurse resistance to change
D. Inability to understand research reports and statistics
E. Easy access to online medical libraries
F. Insufficient authority to change patient care procedures
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, F
Evidence-Based Practice | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG324A Final Exam) | Grand Canyon
University
1. In the PICO format for developing a clinical research question, what does the ‘I’ represent?
A. Implementation
B. Identification
C. Interpretation
D. Intervention
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The PICO mnemonic is essential for structuring clinical questions to guide a
literature search. The ‘I’ specifically stands for the intervention or interest area, which
describes the specific treatment or action being studied. This systematic approach ensures
that the researcher identifies relevant evidence effectively.
2. Which level of evidence is considered the highest in the evidence-based practice hierarchy?
A. Systematic review or meta-analysis of RCTs
B. Case-control studies
C. Expert opinion
D. Single randomized controlled trial (RCT)
,E. Qualitative research synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant randomized controlled
trials provides the most robust evidence. This level of evidence synthesizes multiple high-
quality studies to provide a comprehensive conclusion. It minimizes bias and offers greater
statistical power than individual studies.
3. A researcher is studying the lived experience of patients surviving a sudden cardiac arrest.
Which qualitative research design is most appropriate?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Ethnography
C. Historical Research
D. Phenomenology
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Phenomenology focuses on the lived experiences of individuals regarding a
specific phenomenon. The goal is to describe the ‘essence’ of the experience from the
perspective of those who lived it. This design is ideal for capturing the subjective meaning
of significant life events like surviving cardiac arrest.
4. The Belmont Report outlines three basic ethical principles. Which of the following is NOT
one of these principles?
A. Veracity
, B. Justice
C. Respect for Persons
D. Beneficence
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Belmont Report identifies Beneficence, Justice, and Respect for Persons
as the foundational ethical pillars for human subjects research. Veracity, which refers to
truth-telling, is a general nursing ethical principle but not one of the three primary pillars
of the Belmont Report. These principles ensure that participants are treated fairly and their
well-being is prioritized.
5. Which of the following factors are considered significant barriers to the implementation of
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in a hospital setting? Select all that apply.
A. Lack of time due to high patient workload
B. Lack of administrative support and resources
C. Individual nurse resistance to change
D. Inability to understand research reports and statistics
E. Easy access to online medical libraries
F. Insufficient authority to change patient care procedures
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, F
