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UAskMe ENDOCRINOLOGIE - Klinisch eindexamen (2021GENGE3) - Samenvatting

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Volledige uitwerking van de UAskMe lijst voor het vak ENDOCRINOLOGIE voor het Klinisch Eindexamen. Uitgewerkt adhv de cursus en lesnotities endocrinologie, aangevuld met afbeeldingen, overzichtelijke schema's en aangeduid wat de belangrijkste keypoints zijn. Voldoende om te slagen voor zowel het mondeling als het MCQ klinisch eindexamen aan de Universiteit van Antwerpen. (Deel 11/19 van de uitgewerkte UAskMe lijst: zie account voor andere vakken of de voordeelbundel)

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11.
U ASK ME
ENDOCRINOLOGIE




KLINISCH EINDEXAMEN 2025-2026

,INHOUDSTAFEL
1. Diabetes Mellitus ........................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Diabetes Mellitus type 1 ........................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Diabetes mellitus type 2.......................................................................................................................... 12
1.4 Complicaties diabetes mellitus ............................................................................................................... 17
1.5 Antidiabetica ........................................................................................................................................... 31
2. Schildklierlijden ............................................................................................................................................ 39
2.1 Hypofyse-hypothalamus-schildklier-AS .................................................................................................. 39
2.2 Hypothyroïdie ......................................................................................................................................... 41
Hyperthyroïdie ...................................................................................................................................................... 46
2.3 Euthyroïdische (multi)nodulaire goiter ................................................................................................... 54
2.4 Schildkliernodule ..................................................................................................................................... 57
3. Schildklierlijden: kanker ............................................................................................................................... 58
4. Obesitas ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
5. Dyslipidemie ................................................................................................................................................ 67
6.1 Hypo- en hypercalciëmie: algemeen ....................................................................................................... 75
6.2 Hypocalciëmie ......................................................................................................................................... 76
6.3 Hypercalciëmie........................................................................................................................................ 82
7.1 Hypofysepathologie ................................................................................................................................ 89
7.2 Hypopituitarisme .................................................................................................................................... 90
7.3 Hypofyse adenoom (Niet-secreterend macro-adenoom) ....................................................................... 93
7.3 Acromegalie ............................................................................................................................................ 96
7.4 Cushing .................................................................................................................................................... 99
7.5 Prolactinoom ......................................................................................................................................... 105
7.6 Diabetes insipidus ................................................................................................................................. 108
7.7 SIADH .................................................................................................................................................... 110
8 Bijnierpathologie........................................................................................................................................ 112
8.1 Addison ................................................................................................................................................. 113
8.2 Hyperaldosteronisme ............................................................................................................................ 118
8.3 Feochromocytoom ................................................................................................................................ 122
8.4 Bijnierschorshyperplasie ....................................................................................................................... 124
8.5 Bijnierincidentaloom ............................................................................................................................. 126
9 Endocriene hypertensie ............................................................................................................................. 127
10 Gynaecomastie .......................................................................................................................................... 128


2

,11 Hirsutisme .................................................................................................................................................. 132
12 Hypoglycemie (niet diabetes gerelateerd)................................................................................................. 137
13 Multipele endocriene neoplasie ................................................................................................................ 145




3

, 1. DIABETES MELLITUS
1.1 INLEIDING
ALGEMEEN

- Definitie
o = metabole ziekte, primair gekenmerkt door hyperglycemie
- Algemene oorzaak
o Stoornissen in het koolhydraat-, eiwit- en vetmetabolisme
- Prevalentie
o Neemt toe in België
o DM: 10%
o Prediabetes: 6%

PREDIABETES

= gestoorde glucosetolerantie en/of gestoorde nuchtere glucose

- Risico 5-7% per jaar om DM te ontwikkelen, 10-30% per jaar indien zowel nuchtere glucose als
glucosetolerantie testen verstoord zijn (!)
- In dit stadium een actieve levensstijl + een gezond voedingspatroon à risicoreductie met 60% (!!!)
- Risicoreductie door metformine: 31% ó totaal geen evenwaardig effect als veranderen van levensstijl

FINDRISK-SCORE

= vragenlijst om risico op ontwikkelen van DMT2 binnen 10 jaar te voorspellen (adhv risicofactoren)

- Leeftijd
- BMI
- Middelomtrek
- VG van antihypertensieve medicatie
- VG van verhoogde glycemie
- Familiale VG van DM
- Consumptie van groenten, fruit en bessen
- Fysieke activiteit
ð Hoe hoger de score, hoe hoger het risico op DM

INTERPRETATIE
Kans op DM binnen 10 jaar in percentage weergegeven

- 1-6 punten: 1% à laag DM risico
- 7-11 punten: 4% à licht verhoogd DM risico
- 12-14 punten: 17% à sterk verhoogd DM risico + advies HA
- 15-20 punten: 33% à advies HA
- 21-26 punten: 50% à advies om langs HA te gaan




4

Table of contents

  1. 01 Diabetes Mellitus 4
    1. Inleiding 4
    2. Diabetes Mellitus type 1 7
    3. Diabetes mellitus type 2 12
    4. Complicaties diabetes mellitus 17
    5. Antidiabetica 31
  2. 02 Schildklierlijden 39
    1. Hypofyse-hypothalamus-schildklier-AS 39
    2. Hypothyroïdie 41
  3. 03 Hyperthyroïdie 46
    1. Euthyroïdische (multi)nodulaire goiter 54
    2. Schildkliernodule 57
  4. 04 Schildklierlijden: kanker 58
  5. 05 Obesitas 61
  6. 06 Dyslipidemie 67
    1. Hypo- en hypercalciëmie: algemeen 75
    2. Hypocalciëmie 76
    3. Hypercalciëmie 82
    4. Hypofysepathologie 89
    5. Hypopituitarisme 90
    6. Hypofyse adenoom (Niet-secreterend macro-adenoom) 93
    7. Acromegalie 96
    8. Cushing 99
    9. Prolactinoom 105
    10. Diabetes insipidus 108
    11. SIADH 110
  7. 07 Bijnierpathologie 112
    1. Addison 113
    2. Hyperaldosteronisme 118
    3. Feochromocytoom 122
    4. Bijnierschorshyperplasie 124
    5. Bijnierincidentaloom 126
  8. 08 Endocriene hypertensie 127
  9. 09 Gynaecomastie 128
  10. 10 Hirsutisme 132
  11. 11 Hypoglycemie (niet diabetes gerelateerd) 137
  12. 12 Multipele endocriene neoplasie 145
  13. 13 à advies om langs HA te gaan 5
  14. 14 Genetische syndromen bv. DIDMOAD syndrome, Lipoatrophic diabetes, muco 6
  15. 15 40% 7
  16. 16 Insuline gen 8
  17. 17 mogelijk koolstofdioxide uit te ademen (hyperventilatie) 9
  18. 18 Risico op macrosome baby’s en LGA baby’s 10

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