CANNON TRUST SCHOOL I FINAL EXAM PREPARATION WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
SECTION 1: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Questions 1-20)
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?
a) Transport of oxygen to the cells
b) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
c) Regulation of blood pressure
d) Production of red blood cells
Correct Answer: b) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to perform gas
exchange. Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and transferred to the blood, while
carbon dioxide, a waste product, is transferred from the blood to the lungs to be
exhaled. Option (a) is a function of the cardiovascular system. Option (c) is
primarily the function of the cardiovascular and renal systems. Option (d) is the
function of the skeletal system.
2. The hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by promoting
glucose uptake into cells is:
a) Glucagon
b) Cortisol
c) Insulin
d) Thyroxine
Correct Answer: c) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, is the primary
hormone that lowers blood glucose by facilitating its entry into cells for energy or
storage. Glucagon (a) raises blood glucose. Cortisol (b) is a stress hormone that
can raise blood glucose. Thyroxine (d) regulates metabolism.
3. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the
body?
1
,a) Pulmonary artery
b) Pulmonary vein
c) Superior vena cava
d) Aorta
Correct Answer: d) Aorta
Rationale: The aorta is the largest artery in the body and receives oxygenated
blood directly from the left ventricle to distribute it to the systemic circulation.
The pulmonary artery (a) carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmonary
vein (b) carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The superior vena
cava (c) carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.
4. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
a) Neuron
b) Nephron
c) Alveolus
d) Hepatocyte
Correct Answer: b) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the
kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. A neuron (a) is a nerve
cell. An alveolus (c) is a structure in the lungs. A hepatocyte (d) is a liver cell.
5. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis,
regulating body temperature, and controlling the pituitary gland?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Hypothalamus
d) Frontal lobe
Correct Answer: c) Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus is the control center for many autonomic functions
and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. It regulates body temperature, thirst,
hunger, and sleep, and it directly controls the pituitary gland. The cerebellum (a)
coordinates movement and balance. The medulla oblongata (b) controls vital
2
,functions like heart rate and breathing. The frontal lobe (d) is involved in higher
cognitive functions.
6. What is the primary role of hemoglobin in the blood?
a) To fight infection
b) To aid in blood clotting
c) To transport oxygen
d) To maintain osmotic pressure
Correct Answer: c) To transport oxygen
Rationale: Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds
to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the tissues throughout the body. White
blood cells (a) fight infection. Platelets (b) are essential for clotting. Plasma
proteins like albumin (d) help maintain osmotic pressure.
7. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
a) Protection of internal organs
b) Production of hormones
c) Mineral storage
d) Blood cell production
Correct Answer: b) Production of hormones
Rationale: While bones are involved in the production of blood cells
(hematopoiesis) and store minerals like calcium and phosphate, and provide
protection and support, they do not produce hormones. Hormones like calcitonin
and parathyroid hormone are produced by the thyroid and parathyroid glands,
respectively, to regulate bone function.
8. The exchange of gases in the lungs occurs across the:
a) Bronchi
b) Trachea
c) Alveolar-capillary membrane
d) Diaphragm
Correct Answer: c) Alveolar-capillary membrane
Rationale: The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs surrounded by capillaries. The
3
, alveolar-capillary membrane is the thin barrier where oxygen diffuses into the
blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The bronchi (a) and trachea (b) are airways,
not sites of gas exchange. The diaphragm (d) is the primary muscle of respiration.
9. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in
the mouth?
a) Pepsin
b) Trypsin
c) Amylase
d) Lipase
Correct Answer: c) Amylase
Rationale: Salivary amylase is an enzyme present in saliva that begins the
chemical digestion of starches (carbohydrates) into simpler sugars. Pepsin (a)
digests proteins in the stomach. Trypsin (b) digests proteins in the small intestine.
Lipase (d) digests fats.
10. The "master gland" of the endocrine system is the:
a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Pituitary gland
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: c) Pituitary gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it
produces hormones that control the functions of many other endocrine glands,
including the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs.
11. What is the name of the thick muscular layer of the heart wall?
a) Endocardium
b) Myocardium
c) Epicardium
d) Pericardium
Correct Answer: b) Myocardium
Rationale: The myocardium is the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall,
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QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
SECTION 1: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Questions 1-20)
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?
a) Transport of oxygen to the cells
b) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
c) Regulation of blood pressure
d) Production of red blood cells
Correct Answer: b) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to perform gas
exchange. Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and transferred to the blood, while
carbon dioxide, a waste product, is transferred from the blood to the lungs to be
exhaled. Option (a) is a function of the cardiovascular system. Option (c) is
primarily the function of the cardiovascular and renal systems. Option (d) is the
function of the skeletal system.
2. The hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by promoting
glucose uptake into cells is:
a) Glucagon
b) Cortisol
c) Insulin
d) Thyroxine
Correct Answer: c) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, is the primary
hormone that lowers blood glucose by facilitating its entry into cells for energy or
storage. Glucagon (a) raises blood glucose. Cortisol (b) is a stress hormone that
can raise blood glucose. Thyroxine (d) regulates metabolism.
3. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the
body?
1
,a) Pulmonary artery
b) Pulmonary vein
c) Superior vena cava
d) Aorta
Correct Answer: d) Aorta
Rationale: The aorta is the largest artery in the body and receives oxygenated
blood directly from the left ventricle to distribute it to the systemic circulation.
The pulmonary artery (a) carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmonary
vein (b) carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The superior vena
cava (c) carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.
4. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
a) Neuron
b) Nephron
c) Alveolus
d) Hepatocyte
Correct Answer: b) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the
kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. A neuron (a) is a nerve
cell. An alveolus (c) is a structure in the lungs. A hepatocyte (d) is a liver cell.
5. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis,
regulating body temperature, and controlling the pituitary gland?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Hypothalamus
d) Frontal lobe
Correct Answer: c) Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus is the control center for many autonomic functions
and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. It regulates body temperature, thirst,
hunger, and sleep, and it directly controls the pituitary gland. The cerebellum (a)
coordinates movement and balance. The medulla oblongata (b) controls vital
2
,functions like heart rate and breathing. The frontal lobe (d) is involved in higher
cognitive functions.
6. What is the primary role of hemoglobin in the blood?
a) To fight infection
b) To aid in blood clotting
c) To transport oxygen
d) To maintain osmotic pressure
Correct Answer: c) To transport oxygen
Rationale: Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds
to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the tissues throughout the body. White
blood cells (a) fight infection. Platelets (b) are essential for clotting. Plasma
proteins like albumin (d) help maintain osmotic pressure.
7. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
a) Protection of internal organs
b) Production of hormones
c) Mineral storage
d) Blood cell production
Correct Answer: b) Production of hormones
Rationale: While bones are involved in the production of blood cells
(hematopoiesis) and store minerals like calcium and phosphate, and provide
protection and support, they do not produce hormones. Hormones like calcitonin
and parathyroid hormone are produced by the thyroid and parathyroid glands,
respectively, to regulate bone function.
8. The exchange of gases in the lungs occurs across the:
a) Bronchi
b) Trachea
c) Alveolar-capillary membrane
d) Diaphragm
Correct Answer: c) Alveolar-capillary membrane
Rationale: The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs surrounded by capillaries. The
3
, alveolar-capillary membrane is the thin barrier where oxygen diffuses into the
blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The bronchi (a) and trachea (b) are airways,
not sites of gas exchange. The diaphragm (d) is the primary muscle of respiration.
9. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in
the mouth?
a) Pepsin
b) Trypsin
c) Amylase
d) Lipase
Correct Answer: c) Amylase
Rationale: Salivary amylase is an enzyme present in saliva that begins the
chemical digestion of starches (carbohydrates) into simpler sugars. Pepsin (a)
digests proteins in the stomach. Trypsin (b) digests proteins in the small intestine.
Lipase (d) digests fats.
10. The "master gland" of the endocrine system is the:
a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Pituitary gland
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: c) Pituitary gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it
produces hormones that control the functions of many other endocrine glands,
including the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs.
11. What is the name of the thick muscular layer of the heart wall?
a) Endocardium
b) Myocardium
c) Epicardium
d) Pericardium
Correct Answer: b) Myocardium
Rationale: The myocardium is the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall,
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